The pigmentation of the skin and its changes

Skin color is caused by four pigments: brown - melanin deposited in the surface layer of the skin (epidermis), yellow - carotene, were detected in special cells (keratinocytes) of the epidermis, red - oxygenated hemoglobin, detectable in the capillaries of the skin, and blue - reduced hemoglobin in the skin venules .

The origin of skin pigmentation disorders are different, but most often caused by excessive or insufficient formation of melanin Which foods contain melanin - skin care , At least - the deposition of pigment in the skin of the other, as well as substances, invading from the outside (the particles of coal, dyes, etc.).

Increased pigmentation of the skin melanin origin can occur under the influence of ultra-violet (UV) rays in the form of a uniform color of the skin (sunburn). Prolonged excessive exposure to UV rays on the skin of people in certain occupations it becomes rough and brown (leather sailor). Melanin pigmentation can be caused by congenital or acquired disorders of certain parts of the formation of melanin due to metabolic disorders, hormonal, or the work of some of the internal organs.

For limited areas of the skin with increased melanin pigmentation of origin include freckles, chloasma, lentigines (small, flat birthmarks that have a tendency to spread), secondary skin hyperpigmentation, emerging at the site of inflammation of the skin after prolonged exposure to cosmetics.

Lack of melanin in the skin may cause a complete lack of color of the skin (albinism) and local, in the form of individual lacking pigmentation spots (vitiligo).

Chloasma: reasons and signs

Chloasma - it increased pigmentation of the skin in the form of yellowish-brown spots. Chloasma may occur in violation of the hormonal activity of the endocrine glands (thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, gonads) that occur during pregnancy, menopause or in women with ovarian dysfunction. In some cases, the occurrence chloasma associated with liver disease Liver disease: when the natural filter faltering   and increased sensitivity to sunlight.

Chloasma occurs usually in women. There are patches of yellowish-brown with irregular outlines, most often on the face. Pregnant chloasma can also be found in the breast, the white line of the abdomen, around the navel, on the external genitals. In winter, chloasma may fade and disappear completely (melanin accumulates in the skin under the influence of the sun).

When chloasma is necessary to conduct a full examination and only after ascertaining their causes can start treatment. The disappearance of chloasma promotes correction of hormonal shifts, prolonged intake of vitamins C, B complex, minerals, tools, improves metabolic processes. All this is necessary to restore the correct formation of melanin.

When caring for skin prone to increased pigmentation, recommended photoprotective creams. To reduce pigmentation applied creams containing hydroquinone, hormonal agents. Peeling means are also used: bodyaga, certain types of acids (e.g., salicylic), herbal preparations (parsley juice, lemon, and so delee spurge). In order to remove the surface layer of skin using massage snow carbonic acid and various types of dermabrasion.

Folk remedies using herbal medicines, such as: 10 g of yeast, put in a water bath, and when they bloom, add a teaspoon of lemon juice; warm (not hot), the mixture is applied on the face for 15 minutes, then washed and applied to the skin nourishing cream.

Vitiligo

Vitiligo is characterized by the appearance on the skin of different sizes and shapes of spots milky white (lacking pigmentation) with the surrounding area of ​​increased pigmentation, which tend to increase. Vitiligo occurs at various disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems, for example, when combined with stress thyroid disease and so on. This is completely absent in the skin pigment melanin.

The spots of vitiligo are usually appear on the intact skin of face, neck, arms, gradually increasing, merge into large pockets that exist for life, spreading to healthy parts of the skin primarily in the spring and summer season.

The presence of vitiligo What is Vitiligo: What are the white spots   It requires survey in order to identify the underlying disease causes changes in skin pigmentation. Is the treatment of identified diseases, anti-anxiety drugs are appointed, as well as drugs that stimulate the formation of melanin in the skin during irradiation of UV rays it (beroksan, ammifurin, psoralen). For example, beroksan administered in tablet form by mouth, as well as externally in the form of a solution for rubbing into the skin and then the skin is subjected to UV irradiation.

Remember: when any violation of skin pigmentation do not start self-treatment, you must first be surveyed and establish the correct diagnosis.

Galina Romanenko

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