High blood pressure - one of the most frequent pathologies

High blood pressure - one of the most frequent pathologies
Signs

high blood pressure High blood pressure (BP) is very common, it can develop at any age, even in children. Yet this condition is more prevalent in older people. High blood pressure is necessary to identify as early as possible, because it can cause serious complications in the internal organs.

Blood pressure and its species

Blood pressure - the pressure in the arteries of the body., Which provides the optimal level of blood circulation. The functional system supporting the consistency of blood pressure, defined the limits of the optimal level of blood pressure. The upper limit of the level is limited baroreceptors (receptors that respond to pressure) disposed in the vascular system, and the lower restricted blood supply to the body's needs.

Types of Blood Pressure - a systolic and diastolic pressure. Fluctuations in blood pressure depends on the rhythm of the heart, so the blood pressure index is composed of the upper and lower systolic blood pressure and diastolic. Most high blood pressure that occurs at the time of systole (contraction of the heart muscle and the release of blood in the blood vessels) is called systolic, or upper maximum.

Diastolic pressure - the lowest blood pressure occurring during diastole (relaxation of the heart muscle). The blood pressure in the arteries at this time has a minimum value, which depends mainly on the peripheral resistance to blood flow of the vessel walls and heart rate.

It has a value and the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure Diastolic blood pressure is an important indicator of health - A pulse pressure, it corresponds to the amount of blood ejected by the heart at each systole.

AD may vary according to the needs of the body - this is one of its adaptive functions. High emotional stress cause increased blood pressure, and if they are also combined with a sedentary lifestyle, the increase in blood pressure is stable. During muscular work AD increases systolic blood pressure in this case may exceed the rate of 1, 5-2 times. Standard sports training often reduces the baseline blood pressure - if you exercise regularly and body got used to them. After the sports training blood pressure often drops below normal. With age, the human blood pressure is normal increases.

In healthy adults, blood pressure can fluctuate throughout the day, plus or minus 10 mm Hg People with increased excitability of the nervous system, these fluctuations may be more significant. In women, blood pressure slightly lower than that of males.

High blood pressure can be different

High blood pressure - hypertension - is an important sign of a variety of pathological diseases and conditions that are accompanied by an increase in resistance or arterial blood flow or increase in cardiac output, or a combination of these factors. High blood pressure can be a sign of a variety of diseases, but more often than this trait in a patient in the early stages of the disease other diseases can not be identified. In this case we speak about essential hypertension or hypertension. There symptomatic hypertension - if it occurs on a background of some other diseases, such as kidney, adrenal gland, thyroid, and so on.

By the nature of improving the high pressure can be divided into three types:

isolated systolic (top) blood pressure at normal or lower, or diastolic blood pressure - the form develops with an increase in cardiac output and reduce peripheral vascular resistance of the walls; often develops in older people
increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure - indicates an increase in cardiac output and increase vascular resistance to blood flow; the most characteristic form in essential hypertension;
Only an increase in diastolic blood pressure - is a consequence of the reduced cardiac output, combined with increased resistance to blood vessels; the lower limit of the high blood pressure is characteristic of symptomatic hypertension.

Adrift hypertension is divided into:

transient - pressure rise does not occur so often, short and to the low numbers;
labile or unstable - pressure drops occur frequently; High blood pressure lability indicates instability of the nervous system;
stable or permanent - sometimes sustained significant increase in pressure, which is reduced only in the appointment of antihypertensive (blood pressure lowering) medications;
malignant - a very high constant pressure with high diastolic pressure High diastolic blood pressure - the problem is serious ; disease occurs in young adults, is progressing rapidly and is difficult to treat;
hypertension with crises - that is, with a sharp rise in blood pressure, accompanied by a number of unpleasant symptoms.

The reasons for high blood pressure

High blood pressure can develop gradually under the influence of a variety of factors, they often happen a few. There are external and internal factors, sposobstvu3yuschie increase blood pressure. The external factors include in prolonged emotional stress, sudden stress, the effects of diseases and injuries of the brain and so on.

The internal factors include a variety of diseases that can cause increased blood pressure, such as kidney disease, hormonal, adrenal or pituitary tumors and others. Of great importance in the development of hypertension and heredity is - the majority of hypertensive patients have a close relative with the same disease.

However, the causes of essential hypertension is not yet understood completely.