Diagnosis of myopia

Myopic people very much, some of them see well and do not pay attention to your defect, for others myopia becomes a problem: blurred vision interfere live and work, or not allow you to choose one or another profession. In most cases, all these people can be helped with vision correction glasses, lenses or by surgery. As is known, the eye is an optical system in which refract the rays of light reflected from a given object.

The optical system of the eye includes: the outer shell front surface of the eye (cornea), and the lens, vitreous and aqueous humor, which fills the cavity of the eyeball. Such refraction of light is called refraction. In normal refaction refracted rays intersect at the rear of the inner lining of the eye. With different refractive errors are crossed, either before or after the inner lining of the eye.

Myopia and its causes

Myopia - short-sightedness of this, that is a breach of view, in which a person sees well and close to the bad - away. With myopia Greek translates as "squints." This name comes from the fact that myopic squinting human characteristic, it allows you to more clearly see distant objects.

When there is a violation of myopia refractive power - the light rays entering the eye after refraction not overlap on the retina, but in front of it because of the violation of the contractility of the ciliary muscle. The reasons for this phenomenon may be two: increase the size of the eyeball in anteroposterior direction (axial myopia) and increased refractive power of the eye (refractive myopia).

The most common myopia appears during prolonged strain. In the initial stages it may just be a spasm of the muscles regulating the curvature of the lens (ciliary muscle) and it can be removed using antispasmodic (relieves spasms) drugs. If at this moment does not take the necessary measures, it violated the contractile ability of the ciliary muscle, and myopia becomes permanent.

Definition of myopia

Myopia can be different degrees, from mild, in violation of refraction to 3, 0 diopters, to medium (3, 0 - 6 0 diopters) and a high of 6, 0 and above, in some cases up to 30, 0 diopters.

Mild to moderate myopia usually does not interfere with a person engaged in professional work and lead a normal life. Frequent squinting leads to the appearance of fine lines around the eyes of people, sometimes, especially after an intense visual load, they begin to flicker "fly" in front of the eyes, which is not particularly alarming, and can pass on their own.

The high degree of myopia may be a problem for humans. Correct it is not as easy as mild to moderate. Since the eyeballs of people significantly increased in the anteroposterior direction, their appearance is characteristic features: the eyes are made prominent, eye gap widened, the pupils wide.

There is a special form of myopia - progressive or malignant. A special feature of this form is that the eyeball is growing very rapidly, increasing the degree of myopia. It is fraught with complications, as the stretched inner shell of the eye (retina) and disrupted the activities of the blood vessels. This growth of the eyeball can cause hemorrhage and retinal detachment, resulting in severe visual impairment.

A diagnosis of myopia is usually put on the basis of patient's presenting complaints and inspection ophthalmologist confirmed the data of instrumental studies.

First of all, by means of special tables checked visual acuity with special lenses, eliminating nearsightedness. Then, a skiascopy - a special study that conclusively proves the existence of myopia. But the doctor directs a beam of light into the pupil of the patient by turning the ophthalmoscopic mirror. Movement of the light spot in the illuminated pupil in normal eyesight, nearsightedness, and farsightedness diopter is less than one in one direction and with myopia above 1, 0 diopters - in another.

To confirm the short-sightedness and determination of its degree carried out as refractometry eye - measurement of refraction with the help of special devices (refractometers). Using ultrasound measured length of the eyeball in the anteroposterior direction and the thickness of the cornea.

Ends examination except complications. To do this, held ophthalmoscopy - research the state of the fundus (the visible inner surface of the eyeball) with the help of a special device - an ophthalmoscope.

The treatment of myopia

Myopia can be treated correcting glasses, contact lenses Contact lenses: blessing or curse?   and using surgery. Last type of treatment is gaining popularity. In myopia mild to moderate laser cut very thin layer of the cornea, thereby reducing its refrangibility, causing myopia completely passes. At high degrees of myopia, this operation does not work, why such patients remove the lens and replace it with individually fitted with a soft lens.

Prolonged thorough treatment (both conservative and surgical) requires progressive malignant myopia and the treatment of complications of myopia.

Prevention of myopia

For the prevention of myopia to exclude unwanted objects approach to the eyes, the strong tilt the head forward and down. Operating room should have good natural and artificial lighting.

People with complicated myopia should avoid anything that might cause a rush of blood to the head, use tinted glasses of medium intensity, to avoid physical and mental stress.

  Galina Romanenko

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