Transplantation and legislation

What is the transplantation of organs - especially not worth explaining. In general, it is known to everyone. But not everyone knows that the removal of organs from a donor, either living or deceased person, is regulated by specific laws. In each country the laws are different, and sometimes not quite true. Today, the world carried out thousands of transplants of the heart, liver, kidneys, pancreas, lungs ... theoretically possible in our time transplanting of organs other than the brain. However, along with this, in the world there is a shortage of donor organs. In different countries, the problem is solved in different ways.

The most viable option of extending the life of those who can still help a corpse donation. This is accompanied by a number of reasons, the main of which is the complexity and severity of the operations of harvesting organs from a living person. Generally, the living donor is a relative of a person in need of transplantation. It is obvious that the percentage of people is small.

Moreover, the sale of organs in many countries is prohibited by law, but also for ethical reasons, this should not be in principle. For example, in the United States to give body to the transplant can only be free and voluntary. The law requires doctors to explain to potential donors in detail the risks to which they are exposed. In Russia, on the issue with the Americans in solidarity Orthodox Church. Contrary to superstitious rumors, opinions conciliar Church on organ transplants - is positive, in the event that it is the act of giving by relatives or any highly moral man, learned that someone dies, and generously gave of the patient.

Presumption of just two - far more problems

In the USSR and later in Russia until 1992, used the so-called routine fence suitable for organ transplants. The authorities at the sole discretion disposed of the body of the deceased. In that case the installation of utilitarian ethics, according to which the action is morally justified if it produces the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people. But do not forget that this violated the human right to dispose of his body (even after his death), and affected the moral values ​​of the family of the deceased. So today in the world of organ donation carried out in two legal models that are approved by the World Health Organisation. These are two of the presumption: agreement and disagreement.

Presumption of consent - is when a person during his lifetime did not report that he was against the transplantation of their organs - it is believed that after the death of his organs can be used as donor and it does not require the consent of the relatives of the deceased. This type of fence and laid in the Russian legislation. In Spain, Austria and Belgium also has a presumption of consent. In Western countries, there are special database so-called "refuseniks" - each person can record his disagreement, and if you suddenly change his mind, to withdraw it. In the case of sudden death is checked whether the deceased is not in this database.

Presumption of disagreement (yet it is called the principle of informed consent) provides lifetime disposal of the donor or the consent of his family after his death. This type of fence is used in a number of developed countries, particularly in the US, the UK, Holland. According to the doctors themselves, they agree to abide by any presumption in that case, if it is properly implemented.

There is a law, but there is a moral

Of course, the further development of transplantation, in some societies, to a greater extent will depend on how will public opinion. Unfortunately, in the former Soviet Union, most people do not realize that the bodies of their dead relatives serve one purpose: to save the life of another person.

In Spain, for example, mass understanding of the issue of organ donation has changed dramatically just three or four years. This success is attributed to the general public advocacy. On the streets, and even on the door of the church can be seen the calls: "Do not take your organs to heaven, where they will not be necessary. Leave them on the ground, and they will save the lives of others. "

In the US, the number of people applying to medical centers with the desire to voluntarily give a kidney or bone marrow, is growing every year. This altruism is the highest degree, as this is often no interest and due to the sick person. Many do not even know who will be their transplanted organ.

  Vladimir Burylin