Women's health depends on the ability to conceive, carry and give birth to a healthy baby. The main criterion of reproductive function is a regular menstrual cycle. But often the menstrual cycle begins in adolescence, which threatens consequences and various complications in the future. In this regard, it is important to start early treatment of menstrual disorders in adolescents. If earlier treatment of menstrual disorders gynecologists delayed until the age of girls 18-20 years, at the moment this tactic is unacceptable and requires immediate treatment.

The regulation of the menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle is a complex system and its regulation is carried out not only by the ovaries, and the central nervous (hypothalamus and pituitary) and endocrine systems, as well as internal organs. Any pathological effects on a particular stage of regulation leads to disruption of the menstrual cycle.

The menstrual cycle at teenagers

Normally menarche (first menstruation) occur in girls aged 12-14 years. Within one year after that the menstrual cycle is established and becomes a regular. The normal menstrual cycle lasts from 28 to 35 days, the duration of menses varies within three to seven days, and total blood loss is 60-120 ml. All deviations in either direction are considered to be related to disease and menstrual disorders.

Causes

All causes of menstrual disorders in adolescents are divided into medical and social.

For medical reasons include:

• Factors affecting the brain

It can be an infection of the brain and its membranes (encephalitis, meningitis), frequent acute respiratory viral infection, complications of viral infections (influenza, measles, rubella), chronic tonsillitis. All these diseases cause loss of communication between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, which leads to a decrease in estrogen production and, as a consequence, the underdevelopment of the uterus (sexual infantilism) and menstrual irregularities The menstrual cycle - that occurs in different phases? .

• Cardiopsychoneurosis and hypertension

As a rule, these diseases are accompanied by overweight, menarche starts early and is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles.

• Fast weight loss

Excessive weight loss (15%) leads to disruption of the menstrual cycle Violation of the menstrual cycle: types and causes   and is accompanied by a decrease in the size of the uterus and ovaries.

• Sclerocystic ovarian disease

Have sclerocystic ovaries is accompanied not only by reducing the production of female sex hormones, and increased synthesis of androgens. Also, while there is hirsutism (excessive hairiness), acne, and enlarged ovaries.

For social reasons, menstrual disorders in adolescents include:

• early sexual activity;
• diseases, sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, etc.);
• Chronic intoxication (alcohol, drugs, nicotine).

Diagnostics

Based on the above reasons, the diagnosis of menstrual disorders in adolescents include:

• inspection gynecologist (to avoid inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the reproductive organs);
• Consultation gynecologist-endocrinologist (for the detection or exclusion of hormonal pathology);
• Pelvic ultrasound;
• Ultrasound thyroid and adrenal glands (if necessary);
• screening for infections, sexually transmitted infections;
• definition hormonal profile (FSH, LH, prolactin, estrogen and androgen);
• determination of thyroid hormones;
• X-ray of the skull (revealing pituitary pathology);
• electroencephalography;
• diagnostic hysteroscopy and curettage (strictly on the evidence).

Treatment

Treatment of menstrual disorders depends on the cause, he was summoned. Primarily recommended normalization regime of the day, a balanced and nutritious diet, avoid harmful factors, vitamin therapy. In identifying infections carried anti-inflammatory therapy in the case of endocrine disruption is assigned to hormone treatment.

Anna Sozinova

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