The first menstruation in girls (menarche) begins at the age of 11 - 15 years. It is to this age in her body has sufficient hormonal changes have taken place in order to begin to form a normal menstrual cycle The normal menstrual cycle: the main feature of women's health . By this age a girl should already know what it is.

Hormonal changes in the body of the girl in their teens

In adolescence, the girl's body begins to change under the influence of hormones .  From birth to adolescence, the hypothalamus (a brain region responsible for liaison nervous and endocrine systems) identifies the so-called basal hormones and the pituitary gland (the main endocrine glands, which is also located in the brain) - gonadotropic affecting the gonads .  Under the influence of these hormones are formed primary sexual characteristics of women .  Gradually the girl's secretion of hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary begins to wear the cyclical nature of that contributes to the formation of the menstrual cycle .  Pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (follicle-stimulating hormone - FSH) promote secretion of female sex hormones estrogen, which are formed under the influence of secondary sexual characteristics - increased breast, the figure becomes feminine contours through fat deposits on the thighs, there is body hair on the female type .

When cyclical changes, secondary sexual characteristics and the weight of the girls reach a certain level, this signal enters the central nervous system and the girl's first menstruation appears.

Time of onset of first menstruation depends on the physical development of girls on the conditions in which it lives, how to eat what is sick. The first period usually takes place two years after the occurrence of the first changes in the development of the breast. Before the start of the first menstruation in girls may appear changeable mood, sometimes depression Depression , Poor health (she can not explain what it is, but feels bad), weakness, headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea, constipation.

But the appearance of the first menstruation does not mean that the menstrual cycle is formed. The majority of girls on its formation takes at least six months, in others a year or two or even more. Every girl need a definite time in order to "earn" the menstrual cycle.

How is the girl's menstrual cycle

Normal female menstrual cycle consists of two phases or periods. During the first phase, the pituitary gland produces FSH, which stimulates the production of female sex hormones estrogen and promotes the maturation of the egg in the follicle. Once the egg is released from the ovary (this point is called ovulation) begins the second phase of the menstrual cycle The phases of the menstrual cycle failures unacceptable During which under influence of the pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) is formed in the ovary, corpus luteum. The corpus luteum begins to produce the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. Hormones prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg. If pregnancy does not occur, then stop the hormones and their effects lining of the uterus is rejected, accompanied by bleeding (menstruation). This is called menstruation or ovulatory biphasic.

The girl after the first menstrual period (menarche) menstrual cycle more often single phase or anovulatory when hormonal security is not enough to ensure that the egg is matured and left the ovary. This is the egg in the ovary and regress. This process causes the rejection of the mucous membrane of the uterus and bleeding menstrualnopodobnoe that just as menstruation is usually cyclical.

Gradually, the egg starts to ripen at the same time the pituitary gland starts secreting LH, under the influence of which breaks the egg follicle and out into the abdominal cavity, and then - in the fallopian tube, ie ovulation and the menstrual cycle becomes two-phase.

The impact of emotions on the formation of menstrual girls

In adolescence, the girl appears heightened sensitivity to stress in response to the most innocent remarks she can answer an explosion of emotions. As a result, under the influence of the central nervous system decreases the efficiency of the hypothalamus and its effect on the pituitary gland, resulting in decreased secretion of pituitary FSH and LH and reduced production of female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. This contributes to a variety of menstrual disorders. That's what every girl after the first menstrual period should lead menstruation calendar where you want to celebrate the first day of menstruation, the duration and nature of the bleeding. In the future it will help to establish the correct diagnosis in the menstrual cycle.

If the first period came too early (before 10 years) or too late (after 15 years), you should seek medical advice and conduct a survey of girls.

Galina Romanenko

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