Mention of hernias can be found in the writings of Hippocrates, Ibn Sina and other ancient authors. Treatment of external abdominal hernias in the Middle Ages was limited to wearing bandages, but surgery for strangulated hernia did at the beginning of our era, and the surgical treatment of hernias until the 19th century was accompanied by a huge mortality and only after the introduction of the rules of antiseptics they gradually became safe.

Structure and types of umbilical hernia

Umbilical hernia - a protrusion of abdominal cavity under the skin in the navel. The umbilical hernia, as in any other, there is a hernial ring (the hole through which the internal organs out of the abdominal cavity) - the umbilical ring, hernial sac - part of the membrane covering the inside of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum), which concluded fallen bodies and hernial content (any organ of the abdominal cavity).

Umbilical hernias are common in women, their education depends on the anatomical structure of the navel, as well as pregnancy and childbirth, which weaken the abdominal wall and umbilical ring. Umbilical hernias in adults and children have their own characteristics.

How is an umbilical hernia

Umbilical hernias typically occur in women after pregnancy and childbirth. The contents of the hernia sac in the umbilical hernia are most often small intestine, colon, omentum, stomach, but there may be other authorities. Large hernias are often separated by partitions and are made up of individual cells.

The most characteristic symptom is the appearance of the hernia swelling appearing straining or vertical position of the patient. In a prone position swelling disappears. Sometimes a hernia reduce a patient himself, to the right and if not possible, the hernia is called nevpravimoy as hernial sac has already merge with the surrounding tissues.

A small umbilical hernia usually do not cause patients concern if the hernial wide enough and free to reduce a hernia. There are also pain in the hernial protrusion

If the hernia is large, and the hernial narrow, it becomes difficult to promote content through the bowels, so patients suffer from constipation, they often nausea and even vomiting. Small umbilical hernias do not affect the ability to work, also make great physical work impossible.

Children umbilical hernias are common, especially among girls, there are, as a rule, in the first months of life and are the result of a defect of the anterior abdominal wall.

Umbilical hernia may be complicated by the infringement, and intestinal obstruction.

Infringement of umbilical hernia

Strangulated hernia is associated with a sudden compression of its contents in the hernial ring after weight lifting, heavy straining, and so on. Hernia may infringe on any size, it occurs more frequently in the elderly and overweight. When strangulated hernia is a sharp infringement of blood circulation in the body disadvantaged, which can lead to gangrene. Most other bodies infringed the small intestine, with the infringement of the intestinal loops show signs of acute intestinal obstruction.

The sharp squeezing quickly cause necrosis, but if it does not happen very abruptly, the disadvantaged hernial ring squeezed only venous vessels, ie the conditions for venous stasis, after which over time gradually squeezed and arteries - necrosis goes more slowly.

An indication of infringement is a sudden pain in the hernial protrusion, the inability to straighten the previously reduce a hernia, nausea and vomiting. At a later date around the navel appears redness or bluish color of the skin.

How to treat umbilical hernia

If umbilical hernia is a step that must be carried out in a planned manner. In the process of expanding operations hernial contents of the hernia sac is immersed into the abdominal cavity, followed by the closure of hernial ring and strengthening the abdominal wall.

Conservative treatment of umbilical hernia is performed only when the patient's categorical refusal of the operation and in the presence of contraindications for it is acute infectious diseases, skin and some other intractable diseases. Conservative treatment is to limit the exercise, wearing a bandage and reducing excess weight.

Treatment strangulated hernia Hernia: Types and symptoms - which are the most dangerous?   Only operative. The operation is performed in the same way as planned, with necrosis of the bowel resection is performed.

Unlike adults, umbilical hernia in children treated conservatively. The abdominal wall is strengthened by a gym and massage. A few years later the umbilical hole decreases and then closes.

Umbilical hernia requires immediate treatment to the doctor, because the sooner the operation is performed, the easier and painless, it will leak.

Galina Romanenko

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