The problem of excess weight

The problem of obesity in our time is very serious. After all, people who are overweight suffer, above all, energy from any work comes quickly fatigue, which eventually turns into indifference to life. In addition, they suffer from increased load all the internal organs: blood vessels, heart, kidneys, liver, joints, and others.

If you carefully examine the person suffering from obesity for several years, in most cases you can identify a whole bunch of diseases.

Body weight - an indicator of physical development of man

Body weight - one of the most important indicators of the physical development of the person, it depends on the age, heredity, constitution and physiological characteristics of an organism. All these features allow the weight to judge the state of human health.

Changes in body weight dependent on the physical load, and various diseases. For example, an increase in body weight observed in immoderate diet, sedentary lifestyle, metabolic disorders Metabolic disease   and the endocrine glands. The reduction in body weight may be due to malnutrition, disorders of the digestive system, certain endocrine and metabolic diseases, cancer, and others.

The normal and ideal weight

Normal weight is determined by using the arithmetic mean value obtained when examining certain age groups. There are many formulas for the calculation of this weight. The simplest - from the growth in cm subtract 100 (Broca's index). For example, during the growth of 165 cm of normal weight - 65 kg.

But there is a concept of an ideal or optimal weight at which it is expected the highest life expectancy. Ideal weight is below normal, it is most relevant to the weight of 25-year-olds. One of the formulas determining the ideal weight (Ott):

• Women A - 2/5 (A-52);
• Men A - 1/5 (A-52), where A - by weight, calculated on an index Broca.

For example, the ideal weight of a woman is equal to the growth of 165 cm: 65 - 5 2 = 59, 8 kg

Body weight exceeding the normal value of 10% is considered as a variant of the increased total power more than 10% - as the excess. The degree of obesity is determined by the percentage of actual prevalence of normal weight: 15 to 29% - the first degree of from 30 to 49% - the second, from 50 to 100% - a third, more than 100% - four.

Body mass index and risk of complications in relation to its growth

Nowadays, to identify overweight applied body mass index (BMI), which can be defined as follows: the weight in kilograms divided by height in meters, for example, at height 160 cm and weight 70 kg BMI equal to 70: (1 6x1, 6) = 27 3.

Since the increase in the weight greatly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality, especially of diseases of the heart and blood vessels, diabetes Diabetes , Diseases of the joints Arthronosos   and so on, then developed criteria for determining the risk of morbidity and mortality, depending on the growth of the BMI:

• 18, 5 - 24, 99 - normal weight and minimal possibility of complications;
• 25 - 29, 99 - overweight, there is a risk of related complications;
• 30 - 34, 99 - the first degree of obesity, increased risk; even a small reduction in weight improves health status;
• 35-40 - second degree of obesity, the risk of comorbidities and mortality are high; an urgent need to reduce weight;
• 40 - third degree of obesity, the risk of early death from opportunistic diseases reaches a very high degree; weight reduction is only possible under the supervision of a specialist.

Why does weight

Overweight appears in the case where the energy consumption (with food) exceeds its expenditure. Even a few extra calories daily can defer for a year kilograms of excess weight. And for a few years already it results in a significant number. That is how a person gains weight with age. There are genetic causes of excess weight. So, if parents are obese, their children and age will gain weight. Not least important is the lifestyle, the intensity of physical activity has steadily decreased in the presence of numerous culinary temptations.

Excess energy is stored in the body as fat, which is the reserve fuel. That is why fat people are easier to withstand starvation than thin.

The principles of weight loss

In order to lose weight at 500 g, needed deficit at least 3500 kcal. Thus 500 g - it will not only grease, but also other substances, and water. Therefore, under various stringent diets lost primarily water - is it a person, and losing weight. A fat reserves necessary to destroy the same as they were acquired: slowly and steadily due to excess energy consumption.

Metabolism involves the daily energy requirements that go on:

• to ensure the normal operation of cells of organs and tissues;
• digestion;
• physical activity.

Since the first two types of input energy to reduce impossible, to "entice" the fat cells from the depot where they lie in an energy reserve necessary:

• increase physical activity;
• reduce the amount of calories coming from the food.

All these simple rules of weight loss can be applied to, but still better to consult a dietician.

  Galina Romanenko