Stages of development of speech

It refers to those elements of human development, which can not ride - he learns, the man - a biological and social, and so, the mastery of speech can only be provided if someone taught. And that "someone" - that's you, Mom and Dad.

Very conditionally divide the learning of speech into several stages:

The earliest - from birth to 6 months. The child develops physically, is rapidly developing brain. Hearing plays a leading role in language acquisition: the baby hears a human voice, listens to the world, learns to use sounds and words to communicate with adults. Focusing on the sounds of speech comes from birth. The first two months of the baby dies, looking into the eyes of the person speaking. It seems that he is ready to listen to for hours. Even first smile crumbs there was the sound of the human voice! On hearing it, the kid listens, his eyes trying to find the source. On the third or fifth month of life the child after a brief focus on speaking adult begins to actively vocalize himself enthusiastically singing and Hooke.

Next step 6 to 12 months

Period babble. By the sixth month the baby closely following the mother's lips and he tries to make sounds and babble crow. But the child is not always heard by an adult. If it is focused on the toy, it is unlikely to concentrate on speech. At this age, useful to develop listening skills, as one of the most important prerequisites for speech development. You need to organize the process of hearing. So, prepare a musical fairy tale that there were song and spoken word. Fragment listen should not be longer than 5-10 minutes. It is important that the kid heard it over and over again the same fragment. You should not fear that he tired repetition. Each time, it will be more and more to enjoy the familiar sounds. Then the length of the fragment can be gradually increased. Repeat active listening at the same time. It is important that the child's nothing more distracting.

The adult escort will be the fascinating world of sound .  Do not insist, if you listen to the first child does not respond, let go about their usual business - crawls, plays .  Gradually, he will turn his head to the sound .  Involve him in listening, repeating jingles or songs, as if inviting to work together .  Be patient, and after a couple of months he will learn the melody and sounds, repeat them .  Do not hesitate to meow, crow, croaking with him .  These banal sounds not only allow to develop active listening, emotional, communication adult and child, but also to develop it .  And then by the end of the first year in the vocabulary portfolio will be about a dozen simple words (mom, dad, cocoa, forbid ...) and onomatopoeia (zhzhzh - the car arrived, AAA - doll swing, yyy - airplane flying, aw-aw - a dog and so etc.) .  Moreover, the vocabulary is divided into passive - words that toddler understand (let the handle, take the cup, let's go for a walk, to go home) and active - words that the baby can say .  Keep a diary: write down these small victories, note the "gains" of words and onomatopoeia .

Gaining momentum. The development of speech 12-18 months

If you take a rule at least once a week to make a mark in the diary of the words and sounds of a child, do pay attention to the pace of development of speech.

The general trend: the child first tries to imitate the speech - the so-zvukopodrazhateli words appear, and then learns the correct rate of speech.

At first, "boo" in the sense of "fall", then it can be "fallen" as part of the word "down."

The most banal but useful rule - all call and immediately called correctly. Resist the temptation to say "on the children's language", instead of "yum-yum porridge," says: "we eat the porridge." On the walk home display and call all surrounding objects "is a big house, but the house is small, it drove a truck, the sun because of the clouds came out, let's go play in the sandbox, take a shovel ...". Simple phrases noun + adjective, noun + verb, but constantly repeated, the child is easier to remember.

Yesterday said a new word again today and tomorrow, gradually add more and more new words and concepts. For example, the word "ball". Get that kid gave this concept. Further expand his knowledge of the subject matter: a round ball (for comparison cube square - unlike in form), then the ball is jumping, jumping, ball can be thrown to each other (the distinctive properties of the object). Then the ball red - yellow ball (differences in color), and then the big ball - the ball is small (the size difference). Every time showing the properties. It is best to clothe training game. Generally, the child learns better word, if they are backed by action: the ball is thrown, the book flipping flower sniffing.

Remember: it reflects the development of the brain.

Next step: 1, 5, 3 years

All the trends of the previous stage are actively expanding in this.

1, 5 years - it is simply a key point to draw some conclusions. By experience, we note that the number of mastered words in different children can vary from 20 to 100.

More important are the rate of growth and the quality of speaking the words .  Parents should guard too long delay of the child to the so-called "contour" words .  The child, trying to repeat the word, reproduces the outline of the word, a sound sketch "titItiki" (bricks) .  The basis of this mechanism in the syllabic nature of onomatopoeia words .  If the words are fixed in this form and do not go to the traditional, it is an occasion to appeal to a speech therapist .  Another reason to appeal to professionals - stable naming the wrong word, for example, instead of jelly mazelin .  In rare cases - it is not terrible, the child gradually "catch" the difference of sounds .  The child does not distinguish between letters and use one instead of the other .  In the process of language acquisition children have difficulty in pronouncing some sounds .  The hardest are smooth p and n, and a whistling and hissing s x and w and consonant combinations .  Errors in zvukoproiznesenii related to the inability to control his vocal apparatus, as well as insufficiently accurate perception of speech sounds of the language analysis of imperfection .  If all these difficulties "Latched", the next stage of development after 3-4 years they can be overcome with the speech therapist has Speech .

The scientists found that an integral part of the development of speech Language development in children   It is a fine motor skills. Modern moms are trying to buy newfangled toys Educational toys . Traditionally, mosaic, sculpture, all kinds of pyramids, fastening buttons and lace. If you can not buy ready-made games, do not worry. The best of the center of children's motor skills - it's your kitchen!

At this age, the child is not sitting still, it is still interesting: Mom hid in lockers, in this box, so curious to sneak off the table this Thing and dig deeper in the jar ...

Be patient and allow the paint on the flour, pour the rice from the pan into a mug, poured from one container to another, unscrew and tighten the cap. The reward for this mess in the kitchen will be the development of your baby.

In any case, if after all your efforts, the child is 2 years old did not speak at the level of the active vocabulary of 100-300 words, it is an occasion to go to a consultation with a child psychologist. And if 3 years he begins to interact with their peers minimum sentences - at the level of "Give me a shovel" - "will build" that allows children to interact - you need to sound the alarm, look for the causes and ways out of the situation.

Inna Sinozhatskaya

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