In pediatric practice often have to deal with a variety of developmental disabilities. One such frequently encountered malformations is hip dysplasia, which is diagnosed in children at an early (breast) age. Formation of the violations is largely determined by the state of women's health, diet and hereditary factors. Musculoskeletal the child is laid during fetal development in the fourth week. The process of final formation occurs after birth, so the violation can occur at any stage of development.

Permanent sign of congenital abnormalities

Dysplasia can be described as a violation of the relationship of elements that are part of the hip joint. There underdevelopment of joint tissue, it is not only the acetabulum and the femoral head, and the muscles and ligaments. Depending on the level of the lesion is isolated following congenital abnormalities:

• predvyvih joint
• subluxation of joint
• dislocation of joints

Parents can pay attention to the appearance of the early and constant feature of dysplasia in the form of restrictions on the movement of the joint. This is clearly revealed by the legs of the child abduction in the supine position. In the absence of dysplasia range of motion in both hip joints is complete. When the limitations of abduction legs should examine the child in order to exclude the presence of dysplasia.

This symptom of the pathology of the hip joint is permanent. The degree of impairment (sudden or slight limitation of abduction) depends on the type of congenital abnormalities. The most severe manifestations are found in the dislocation of the formed joint. In other types of dysplasia degree of restriction of movement will be insignificant.

It is important to identify in a timely manner pathology, a treatment in its entirety, since it affects, will remain disabled child or a function of the hip joint is restored. As soon as possible after birth, the newborn should be examined by an orthopedist to exclude the presence of dysplasia.

Additional clinical manifestations of dysplasia

In infancy diagnosis of dysplasia is possible only on the basis of clinical symptoms identified. Finally confirm the diagnosis X-ray diagnostics and ultrasound scanning. Often the symptoms are not specific to a particular pathological condition, disease manifestations therefore evaluated in combination with other features.

Parents pay attention to the appearance of asymmetry of skin folds in the thigh. In the pathology of the hip on the affected side skin folds will be located higher in comparison with the healthy side, more of them and they are deeper. The presence of this symptom can not be evaluated as a confirmation of the diagnosis of dysplasia, so it is considered to be an additional diagnostic criterion. Asymmetry is also observed in the folds of the buttocks. When a child lies on his stomach, it becomes noticeable varies the height of the gluteal folds on the healthy side, and on the other side, where there are pathological changes in the joint.

When expressed in the joint changes may occur shortening. This feature is not constant, as with bilateral lesions of leg length is changed. Formed a characteristic twist of the foot in the position of rotation outwards, as can be seen when the baby sleeps. If you listen carefully, you will notice the presence of extraneous sound, which appears in flexion in the hip and knee joints. The sound resembles a mouse, the normal course of joint this is not happening. Finally, the diagnosis method only allows X-ray examination, which allows you to assess the severity of the changes in the joint and forecast upcoming medical events.

Preventative measures and the amount of therapy

Correct tab and the formation, mineralization of cartilage and connective tissue are determined primarily by the nature of the power of women during pregnancy. A balanced by the number of basic ingredients, vitamins Vitamins for everyone   and dietary minerals Diet: food, without which you can not do   It is considered an effective measure to prevent the development of pathology of the hip joint. It is difficult to completely fill the necessary supply of nutrients only food, so experts recommend taking preventive complexes, which include those minerals that are essential for the proper development of the fetus.

Confirmed diagnosis of dysplasia requires appropriate treatment. Its volume depends on the period for which the abnormality was detected. In the case of early diagnosis, that is, immediately after birth, the newborn swaddling is practiced widely. For this purpose use a double diaper width of 20 cm for fixation legs. The legs should be bent at the hip and knee joints, and reserved (maximum of 80 degrees). After the cessation of swaddling embarking on physical therapy, appointed physiotherapy and massage. Exercises designed for therapeutic massage session, held before feeding baby Feeding your baby - optimal breastfeeding   several times during the day.

A more serious situation if the treatment of dysplasia start over the age of one year. The only treatment in this age group is considered to be surgery. As a complication, subsequently developing coxarthrosis. After conducting the operation at the child changes gait that is noticeable in comparison with the gait of a healthy child. Children who underwent surgery, should be monitored regularly by a doctor, they are subject to the dispensary until the completion of the growth period.

Marina Solovyov

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