Thyroid disease - consequences for the organism as a whole

Thyroid disease - consequences for the organism as a whole
Goiter
The impact of the disease
Chronic

thyroid disease The development of pathological processes in the thyroid gland associated with impaired hormone production. It is noted that there are areas for which thyroid diseases are endemic, that is associated with a specific area for the population. The prevalence of the problem makes it necessary to conduct dynamic monitoring of the function of the gland.

Many have heard of the endocrine glands, but not all clearly imagined what their work is and how important they are to the body. And the thing is that these small and seemingly invisible bodies produce the most active substances - hormones that are released directly into the body and affect vital functions of organs and tissues. With a lack or excess of hormones produced by the development of various diseases.

What is the thyroid gland

The thyroid gland - a gland of internal secretion, which is located in the front of the neck. It is released into the blood and lymph hormones that regulate processes of growth, development and acquisition of certain qualities of fabrics, as well as the body's metabolism.

Disorders of the thyroid gland

Thyroid disease can occur with signs of increase (hyperthyroidism) or decrease (hypothyroidism) thyroid function. If the thyroid function is not affected, it is called euthyroid.

Endemic goiter

Endemic goiter is the most common thyroid disease. It is found in geographic areas with low iodine content in the environment. The disease is accompanied by diffuse (widespread) or nodular goitre mixed, in most cases without changing its function. The cause of the disease is the lack of iodine in the body. When prophylactic use of iodized salt is reduced morbidity.

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism (Graves 'disease and Graves' disease) - an autoimmune disease (occurring with allergic reactions to the body's own tissues) nature. Autoimmune reactions cause stimulation of thyroid hormones.

The disease can occur after severe trauma, medication, allergenic, inflammatory diseases (especially tonsillitis), and others.

The patient has a heartbeat, sweating, emotional instability, which can be expressed in a fit of irritation, anger or whining. With increased appetite, patients lose weight. The skin gradually acquires a dark color, it becomes light brown or yellow. The thyroid gland increases in size, changing the shape of the neck. The eyes are bright, wide open (often marked protrusion Lazne apples - exophthalmos), blinking - rare.

Severe complication of hyperthyroidism is thyrotoxic crisis, which develops at an irregular treatment, stress, and various mechanical effects on the thyroid gland. Thus there is a strong heart, a sharp increase in blood pressure, vomiting, diarrhea, rise in body temperature.

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism - a decreased thyroid function. Severe hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism called myxedema. There is a disease due to lesions of the thyroid gland itself - the so-called primary hypothyroidism or pituitary (pituitary - endocrine gland located in the brain and regulates the activity of the thyroid gland) - is secondary hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism develops slowly. It appears lethargy, memory impairment, somnolence, edema, and constipation. Movement is slow, look - indifferent, hair and nails - brittle. Blood pressure is often low, but may be increased, and increases in essentially diastolic (lower) pressure. Hypothyroidism is also a variety of mental disorders up to dementia.

Inflammatory diseases of the thyroid gland

To inflammatory diseases of the thyroid gland include thyroiditis - inflammation caused by various pathogens. There are acute, subacute and chronic thyroiditis.

Acute thyroiditis is rare and usually occurs on the background of infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Thus, pain in the thyroid (often in one-half), the rise in body temperature to high numbers, palpitations. Prodolzhitelnost- from several days to several weeks. Complications in the form of ulcers (abscesses) in the thyroid gland.

Subacute thyroiditis occurs after a viral disease and occurs in a period of 1 month to 1, 5-2 years. In chronic thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease), thyroid glandular tissue is gradually replaced by connective tissue.

Thyroid tumors

Thyroid tumors tend to occur against a background of enhanced function of the pituitary gland, which promotes the proliferation of thyroid tissue. This increased the function of the pituitary gland may be caused by iodine deficiency, exposure to ionizing radiation, certain medications and other causes. There are benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid gland.

In various thyroid disorders occur frequently, so it is worth paying attention.

Effect of excess hormone secretion

Thyroid hormones as a result of increased production lead to a diffuse increase in the size of the prostate. This is the most common pathology, which is found in most cases, urban residents under the age of 50 years. The disease can be found under the name of Graves' disease or diffuse goiter (DTG), which is associated with the clinical features and structural changes in breast tissue.

Currently, scientists consider the theory of occurrence of abnormal activity of the gland, which explains the disease in terms of hereditary autoimmune processes. Goiter is often seen in the same family for several generations, which confirms the hereditary. In parallel with thyroid cancer among family members can identify other autoimmune diseases (such as diseases of the adrenal glands, pancreas, blood diseases). The trigger is often a strong emotional tension. Trauma-starts the processes that are the cause of thyroid pathology.

Hormones received in an excess amount in the blood, have a systemic effect on the body as a whole. The clinical manifestations are different due to the variety and complexity of the large number of factors that are involved in the development of pathology. There are basic cardinal symptoms of goiter:

proptosis (or exophthalmia)
tremor or fine shake his outstretched fingers, closed eyelids, whole body
increased heart rate (tachycardia)

Hormones have a marked effect on the nervous system.

On the one hand, patients reported development of irritability, excitability, tearfulness, nervousness. Such changes are often the cause of conflicts in the family and at work due to quarrelsome, suspiciousness people. It can be observed from the other side muscle weakness, weakness.

Thyroid hormones lead to increased consumption of energy resources processes in the human body. For this reason, patients with diffuse goiter significantly lose weight, weight loss during the stored developing appetite, and in some cases even in increased appetite. This clinical situation is not in all cases, there may be overweight. Various manifestations of metabolic changes require an individual approach in the appointment of therapy. It changes the state of the skin and its appendages. Patients exfoliate nails, there is increased fragility of hair Hair: structure, characteristics of growth and development . Sometimes the only signs of the disease make a person to seek medical help. Already in the course of the survey it appears that the cause is a thyroid disease. The skin becomes hot to the touch, elastic.