Transplantation - a replacement of which work for one reason or another, broken, healthy bodies. Not all organs can be transplanted.

The most commonly performed transplantation of the following organs:

• Kidneys - transplant may be necessary due to diabetes, polycystic kidney disease, lupus, and other diseases;
• The liver - because of cirrhosis, which can be many reasons;
• Heart - for example, due to ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure and other heart problems;
• Pancreas - due to diabetes;
• Lightweight - due to cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis , Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other disorders;
• Small intestine - due to necrotizing enterocolitis, Crohn's disease, and other disorders.
• In some cases it may be transplantation of several organs.

Organ transplantation can not do all the people. It is not suitable for patients with certain infections, uncontrolled cardiovascular disease, alcohol or drug addiction, and several other serious health problems. To determine whether the patient to do transplants, performed a thorough examination, and then make it into a so-called waiting list. For some people, a suitable donor is quite fast, but in some cases it takes months or years before you have the opportunity to do an organ transplant. There are many cases where patients did not wait for them a suitable donor.

How successful is the transplantation of organs?

Such operations are carried out for more than six decades, this area made new discoveries and technologies are constantly being improved. But still you can never guarantee that the organ transplant will be successful. The outcome of the operation depends on the following factors:

• Which authority is required to replant;
• How many of you need to be transplanted;
• Because of what disease the patient needed transplants.

Preparation for surgery

The first patient to make the blood and tissues, the results of which will help to find a suitable donor. Compatibility of donor and recipient is extremely important because the higher it is, the less likely that will happen rejection of transplanted organs.

While waiting for surgery, the patient has to take good care of your health - assigned to continue taking his medications, follow your doctor's instructions about diet and exercise. Some people may be helpful to talk with a psychologist, therapist, or a man who already had a transplant.

Who can become an organ donor

Most people, if desired, can become organ donors - in each country regarding this has its own rules, which can be found on the Internet, or from your doctor. More and more people, especially in western countries, when life gives consent to the use of their organs after death - this is called post-mortem donation. However, some donor agencies, for example, bone marrow can be in life.

What happens after the transplant

Even if the patient is found perfect on all counts donor transplanted organs still do not exactly match the patient's tissue, so the immune system will try to tear them by using antibodies .  It produces antibodies when it detects a foreign body and potentially dangerous elements - such as viruses or bacteria; the donation of organs and the immune system perceives as a potential threat .  To prevent rejection, patients are prescribed drugs that suppress the immune system .  These drugs are called immunosuppressants or immunosuppressive .  Weakening the immune system, they also reduce resistance to many diseases, but in recent years become immunosuppressants much more effective and safer than they were before .  They can still contribute to the development of certain diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and osteoporosis, but by preventing rejection of a transplanted organ, they are literally saving the man's life .  It is important to take this medication exactly as recommended by the doctor .  Typically, after the transplantation, the following immunosuppressants:

• Corticosteroids, such as prednisone or methylprednisolone. Just before organ transplants give the patient a big dose of corticosteroids, most often - methylprednisolone to reduce the activity of the immune extent, reduce inflammation, and prevent rejection of organs. Within a few days after surgery, patients typically also take large doses of corticosteroids, and then the dose is gradually reduced. High doses of drugs can cause side effects such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, weight gain, sleep disorders and anxiety. Much less corticosteroids lead to extreme irritability, paranoia, psychosis and hallucinations. These side effects tested soon after the drug dose is significantly reduced. Long-term use of corticosteroids can cause disorders such as glaucoma Glaucoma - an eye disease Steroid-induced diabetes, and increased risk of opportunistic infections that develop in the weakened body.
• Calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus. These drugs patients usually have to take throughout their lives after transplantation. They are very effective in preventing organ rejection but can cause side effects such as hypertension, hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels), kidney damage, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased cholesterol Cholesterin   blood, tremor and convulsions. They also increase the likelihood of developing certain infections and cancers.
• Antiproliferative drugs such as azathioprine and sirolimus prevent propagation of immune cells. They, like calcineurin inhibitors commonly take up to end of life. The most common side effects of drugs of this type are nausea, anemia, leukopenia (reduction in the number of white blood cells in the blood), elevated levels of triglycerides in the blood, and intestinal upset.