Newborns

Umbilical hernia is the most frequent surgical pathology in young children. In boys, it occurs more frequently than girls generally do not require treatment. Sometimes, however, an umbilical hernia in infants is significantly expressed and treated only by surgery.

Anatomy and Physiology

Umbilical hernia is formed in the first months of fetal life and is associated with defective development of the umbilical region. During this period, the abdominal cavity of the embryo smoothly into the umbilical cord. The eighth week of the intestine looks like a closed tube, much of which is located in the umbilical cord, as she abdomen is very small and only increased for the twelfth week. At the twenty-week quarter begins to form the umbilical ring, at first broad, then it is reduced in size, and the normal child is born without a pathology of the abdominal wall. After the defection of the umbilical cord (umbilical cord) is formed navel, which is retracted scar.

The navel distinguish peripheral skin roller, which is the boundary of the subcutaneous fat layer around the navel, the umbilical furrow, which corresponds to the compound of the skin with an umbilical ring, as well as skin-nipple stump remaining after the falling away of the umbilical cord and subsequent scarring.

For a dense and slow-moving adjacent skin navel umbilical fascia and peritoneum. Normally the umbilical fascia is tight, but it forms a weak development of the conditions for the development of the hernia sac.

Umbilical hernia fetal and umbilical cord

It occurs at the point when the liver and intestines are outside the abdomen, that is, up to twelve weeks, which is accompanied by the development of severe disease: abdominal wall defects, splitting the sternum, a violation of the pubic joint, ectopia of the heart and bladder. Most malformations are so pronounced that the baby is not viable. Cases of survival measured in units. Fortunately, embryonic at the severity of the hernia is very rare.

If defects are not as pronounced, then immediately after birth is carried out an operation to reposition internal organs and suturing hernias.

Umbilical hernia is formed after the twelfth week of fetal development. Umbilical cord looks beyond the boundaries of normal, when a child cries and anxiety hernial protrusion increases significantly. This kind of defects less dangerous than embryonic herniation, but also requires emergency surgery, when its outcome delaying surgery is often unfavorable.

Umbilical hernia newborn

The umbilical vessels, blood flow stops immediately after birth. The umbilical cord starts to dry out, and spontaneously disappears, leaving the skin scar. Normally the umbilical ring is tightened on their own and do not develop an umbilical hernia.

If you are annular, or slit-like defects in the navel, they usually close spontaneously during the first years of life. Typically, umbilical hernia Hernia: Types and symptoms - which are the most dangerous?   develops before the age of two months, but may appear in the first year.

Surgical treatment is rarely necessary, only if the infringement of a hernia that will manifest the following symptoms: cold snap formation, hardening, inability to reposition. The child in this case is very restless, I can cry without interruption. Sometimes the issue is put on the operation when there is thinning of the skin navel and a significant increase in its size.

In most cases, carried out surveillance and conservative treatment with sealing defect, band, gym and massage.

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