Various menstrual irregularities can occur for various reasons. It is important to note these violations and call for medical help. To do this, each girl after menarche should keep a special calendars, which marked the beginning and end date of your period.

Causes of menstrual disorders

The causes of menstrual disorders can be severe infectious diseases, poisoning and occupational hazards, fasting (including special diets for weight loss), lack of vitamins Vitamins for everyone , Cardiovascular diseases, blood diseases, disorders of the liver and kidneys.

Menstrual disorders of hypothalamic origin can occur after stress, trauma and overload, as well as after injuries and concussion of the brain. Menstrual irregularities occur on the background of endocrine disorders such as diabetes mellitus Diabetes , Increased or decreased function of the thyroid gland, various diseases of the adrenal and pituitary glands. Finally, menstrual irregularities can occur in inflammatory diseases of the uterus and its appendages - fallopian tubes and ovaries, as well as damage to the uterus associated with intrauterine manipulations.

Types of disorders of the menstrual cycle

Depending on the level at which violated the regulation of the menstrual cycle, the following types of its disorders: cortico-hypothalamic, pituitary, ovarian, uterine, disorders associated with thyroid disease Thyroid disease - when to start worrying?   and diseases of the adrenal glands.

When cortical (central origin) menstrual cycle (for example, stress and high nervous and mental load) in the first to suffer the cyclic release of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, while maintaining follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). As a result, the follicles are developing, but do not go from the ovary, ie ovulation does not occur.

When the menstrual cycle at the level of the hypothalamus dysfunction of the ovaries may have a different character. As for violations in the field of development of the hypothalamus broken pituitary gonadotropins (hormones of the hypothalamus to stimulate their education), the ovaries cease follicle maturation and secretion of female sex hormones estrogen (they are produced under the influence of FSH).

Primary ovarian failure may be different from the functional failure to fibrosis (proliferation of connective tissue), ovarian cortex and reducing the number of laid eggs in utero.

How can manifest violation of the menstrual cycle

Menstrual disorders may occur in the form of amenorrhea (lack of menstruation) and dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Besides the lack of menstruation menstrual irregularities occur in the form of changes in the intensity and rhythm of menstruation - decrease or increase the intervals between them, increasing the intensity of bleeding, erratic character of menstruation, uterine bleeding appearance.

The following are typical symptoms of menstrual disorders:

• changes in the amount of blood released during menstruation: heavy (menorrhagia) and lean (gipomenoreya) menstruation and menstrual scarce and short (opsooligomenoreya);
• changes in the duration of menstruation: prolonged periods (more than 7 days - polimenoreya) or short (1 - 2 days - oligomenorrhea);
• rhythm disturbances: frequent menstruation, when the menstrual cycle is less than 21 days (proymenoreya) and rare - the menstrual cycle from 35 days to 3 months (opsomenoreya).

Gipomenoreya often combined with oligomenorrhea and opsomenoreey and this combination is called hypomenstrual syndrome. The reason it is dysfunction of the pituitary gland and the ovaries, skalerozirovannye ovaries.

Menorrhagia called menstruation, characterized by a large blood loss, up to 12 days. Menorrhagia often occurs in adolescence, as well as during menopause, and against the background of debilitating chronic diseases. It may be associated with uterine or uterine polyps, chronic inflammatory diseases of the uterus.

Vikariiruyuschimi menses called periodic occurrence of ectopic spotting caused, however, the influence of hormones, such as cyclic nasal or intestinal bleeding during menstruation expected in the absence of bleeding from the genital tract. Vikariiruyuschie menstruation often occur when hypoplasia of the uterus or after its removal.

Diagnosis and treatment

Menstrual disorders require careful examination in order to identify the level at which there was a "failure". Treatment depends on the results of the survey. Be sure to treat the disease, which led to the disruption of the menstrual cycle, which leads to its recovery.

  Galina Romanenko

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