Birthmarks and their features

Moles - the concept is ambiguous. They are either decorated or disfigure. But it also happens that they become dangerous. Here the main thing - time to notice it and ask for help. A notice only what anything you know. That is why on the moles better to know more, and it is interesting: first, the world of moles is very diverse, and secondly - the sooner found out some problem, the easier it is to solve it.

What a birthmark

Birthmark (also known as nevi or spiloma) - a malformation of the tissue, which is characterized by the appearance of spots or formations of different sizes composed of nevus cells. Nevus cells - a cluster of melanocytes (skin cells that contain pigment granules - melanosomes, the number of which increases with tan) of varying degrees of maturity (from fully ripened to young and immature).

Birthmarks often placed on the skin, at least - on the mucous membranes and conjunctiva. An adult can be detected from 20 to 100 moles, while not all of them at birth, many appear in childhood and early age. New birthmarks sometimes appear during pregnancy.

How are birthmarks

In the embryo is in the mother's body, the migration of immature melanocytes (melanoblast), some of them do not reach the surface layers of the skin and mucous accumulating in the deeper layers. Initially, these birthmarks may not be visible, but during puberty, under the influence of solar radiation during pregnancy and others. Maybe their manifestation.

In old age nevus cell nevi sink deep into the skin and turn into smaller cells - developed sclerosis and birthmark disappears or becomes less noticeable.

By building the following types of birthmarks: border, complex, intradermal epithelioid, clear cell, galonevus, giant pigmented mole, fibrous papule of the nose, a blue nevus.

The most common type - border birthmark. Appears more often in the first two decades of life, is on the face, neck, trunk node in the form of a flat dark brown with smooth surface is not more than 1 cm in diameter.

Intradermal birthmark usually occurs in middle or old age, can be single or multiple, located on the face, neck and body and has the form of nodules or warty brown to black What colors combined with black: less darkness and pathos   from 2 mm to several cm.

Blue nevus is more common in middle-aged women, is located mainly on the face neck, arms and hands. It looks like round or oval well-delimited spot diameter from 4 mm to 2 cm, blue or blue.

Shapes and colors of birthmarks

The color birthmarks may be different: different shades of brown, black and even blue. Form birthmarks - from flat or raised above the skin to warty with a broad base or stalk (finer ground connecting with the skin nevi). Size - from a few millimeters up to considerable space.

There is a special form of birthmarks. These include the Mongolian spot, nevus of Ota and linear epidermal nevus.

Mongolian spot vstechaetsya often the representatives of Asian nations in 1-2 days after the birth of a bluish or brownish flat spots to 6-10 cm in diameter on the skin lumbar or sacral region. In the 4-5-year-old Mongolian spot shrinks and disappears.

Nevus of Ota - a black-bluish birthmark located on the skin of the upper jaw, or around the eye. Sometimes it is also more common in Asian people. With age, it may fade, but does not disappear.

Linear epidermal nevi - a pigmented nodules separated by intact skin and resembling a string of pearls.

Complications birthmarks

In place of the birthmark may malignant disease - melanoma. From birthmarks (usually from the border) develops about 40-50% of malignant melanomas. This is facilitated by injuries, sunburn, hormonal changes (adolescence, pregnancy). Melanoma grows into the surrounding tissue, spreads through the blood and lymph (metastasis).

One suspects melanoma if:

• mole suddenly increased, became bulging and darkened (or sharply turned pale);
• sore appeared on the mole, she began to get wet or bleed;
• in moles Moles:: tags fate or bombs?   It appeared itching, burning or pain;
• inflamed skin around the mole and blushed.

If there was even one of these symptoms, it is better and seem perestahovatsya oncologist.

Treatment of birthmarks

When placing a birthmark in the place where he is constantly injured, the treatment of choice is surgical removal. When Giant pigmented spots Brown spots: whether they can be removed completely?   It held its phased removal.

Nowadays it is possible to remove a birthmark without postoperative scar formation. After removing the birthmark piece of tissue necessarily sent to a lab for testing to exclude its malignant nature. Upon detection of malignant cells treated only in specialized institutions (oncological dispensaries), according to the rules.

Remember: if the mole somehow changed, the better to show her doctor!

  Galina Romanenko

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