Just born small and helpless child, who can not do anything for a year increases the weight three times, starting to walk and talk - is not it wonderful? In addition, each child develops in its own way - mothers who have several children, is well aware.

The growth and development of children up to a year as a biological process

The growth is a biological process that is a property of children (immature), and the body is to change the mass and shape of the body, physiological functions of the body and its maturity.

In the process of growth increased length and weight and development - the process of separating the functions of individual cells of tissues and organs. Growth does not always coincide with the development.

Growth of the organism is carried out or by mitosis (cell division, which leads to an increase in their number - hyperplasia), or by increasing the volume of cells (hypertrophy). For the process of character growth differential (based on differences) the growth of different types of cells, maturing at different times. Propagation of nerve cells occurs only during the prenatal period, the brain increases its size for no longer than four years.

There are several periods of growth, with its own characteristics. An example of such critical periods of life are neonatal period and chest.

The growth of the child in the neonatal period and chest

The neonatal period - the time from birth to four weeks of life. Weight and height are important indicators of the maturity of the newborn. The average values ​​of body weight ranging from 3100 to 3800 g and 2970 boys and 3710 girls g. Height: 50-53 cm for boys and 49-52 cm for girls. Immediately after birth the baby loses some weight, as gradually adapting to extrauterine life, and then it starts to dial. During the first month of life, total weight gain of about 600 g

The proportions of the body of a newborn also have some of the features: a relatively large head and short legs.

Thoracic period - is the age of about one year. The growth of the child during this period is increased to a large extent depends on the age and sex. From the day of birth to 6 months, the boys grow into a length of about 17 cm, and 16 cm on the girl. From the sixth month of life and before the end of year, children of both sexes grow to a length of about 8 cm. From the second to the sixth month of the children was added 700 800 g, and in the second half of life - 400-360 In 5 months baby weighs two times more than at birth, and in a year - three times.

Head circumference is growing most rapidly under the age of 35 to 47 cm. This is a reflection of the growth of the brain, whose weight increased by 2, 5 times, and by the end of the year is about 925 in three months, head circumference becomes equal to the circumference of the chest.

Child development in the neonatal period and chest

A child is born with a certain set of physiological reflexes, which gradually as the growth and development of the child's brain and spinal cord become extinct. In the development of the movements of an infant may be noted two related trends: the increasing complexity of motor functions and the extinction of a number of congenital unconditioned reflexes. By the nature of the extinction of unconditioned reflexes, his delay and later extinction is possible to solve the question of the proper development of the child. The main innate reflexes include sucking, ingratiatingly, protection, support to the feet and automatic walk, grasping, and others.

The sense organs of the newborn child are not sufficiently developed. Conductivity sounds he occurs mainly through the bone, so it responds only to loud sounds WinCE. With four months to a loud sound, he turns the head. In the year of the hearing is already well developed.

He sees the newborn in the first days of life, up to 2-3 weeks of the eye movements are not coordinated. Locking eyes objects and track their motion child begins with two months to 4-5 months, he consciously considering things, and in the second half of life begins to distinguish colors.

The sense of smell of a newborn baby is weak, but the sharp smell it catches from the first month of life. The taste is well developed, the child distinguishes between sweet, bitter and sour, with 4-5 months developing a taste even more.

The 2 month old baby lying on his stomach, lifts head, 3 months - torso, leaning on his elbows and forearms, sitting with the support of the pelvis, turned his back on her side, holding her head freely. In 4 months movements become freer and more diverse, stiffness disappears (hypertension) muscle, baby coo. In 5 months baby sitting, holding something hands in 6 months - turns over from stomach to back, sitting without support, at 7 months - says the syllables in 8 months - gets up, clinging to the barrier in the first 9 months - goes with support for both hands in 10 months - and the cost goes, for one supporting arm in 11-12 months, he goes and speaks about 10 words.

None of the age of the person is not developing as fast as the year before!

Galina Romanenko

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