The effectiveness of contraceptive methods can be different. Each method of contraception has its advantages and disadvantages. The most effective method of contraception for a particular woman will be the way chosen gynecologist in the condition of her reproductive system and overall health.

Leader effectiveness - hormonal contraception

Most often today for this purpose are used low-dose combined oral contraceptives Oral contraceptives - something to be feared at their reception?   (COCs). With the help of these drugs create an artificial menstrual cycle, during which there is suppression of ovulation (release of the egg from the ovary)

Prevention of pregnancy in COC occurs through the interaction of different mechanisms. The main effect of these contraceptives is that they inhibit the secretion of gonadotropins (stimulating sexual function) pituitary hormones, resulting in the slow maturation of ova in the ovary and the impossibility of ovulation - release of an egg from the ovary. COCs also increase the viscosity of the mucus of the cervical canal, which hinders the penetration of sperm into the uterus and fallopian tubes to fertilize an egg.

In the selection of drugs should be preferred low-dose contraceptives containing progestogens third generation. The efficiency of modern low-dose COCs (logest, Jess, lindinet-20 klayra, mrsilon three-merci, Yasmin) high, reaching almost 99%. Hormonal contraceptives may be not only oral (oral). For example, CCO provides a hormonal patch Evra.

In addition, hormonal contraceptives may be combined, and containing only one kind of hormones. Thus, the mini-pill (mikrolyut, mikronor, ekslyuton, charozetta, norkolut, kontinuin, femulen, ovret) contain only analogues of progesterone (progestogen) - these drugs have side effects, but, respectively, and decreases their efficiency, it reaches 95- 97%.

Modern progestogens are part hormonal intrauterine devices (e.g., Mirena) implanted under the skin of contraceptives (e.g., Norplant) - the most modern and most effective types of hormonal contraceptives. Effectiveness Norplant is 99, 8%, Mirena - 99, 5%.

Hormonal methods of contraception are the most effective, but they are not suitable for all women. Contraindication to hormonal contraceptives are pregnancy and lactation, severe diseases of internal organs in violation of their functions (especially liver disease), endocrine diseases, tumors, uterine bleeding, genital herpes.

Non-hormonal contraception - whether these methods are effective?

For non-hormonal methods of contraception usually resort, if the use of hormonal contraceptives has contraindications. For non-hormonal methods are physiological methods of contraception, sterilization of men and women, mechanical and chemical methods of contraception, hormonal IUDs.

The effectiveness of non-hormonal intrauterine device IUD: a reliable and efficient means   (IUD) is 97-98%. The mechanism of action in this case connected with a permanent maintenance noninfectious (aseptic) inflammation in the uterus, which prevents attachment to the uterine wall of the ovum. In addition, speed is slowed ovum through fallopian tubes and its introduction into the uterine lining as well as the speed of advance of sperm in the uterine cavity. IUD insertion is contraindicated nulliparous women with suspected tumors or inflammatory disease, uterine bleeding and other violations on the part of the female genital organs.

Physiological methods of contraception - is the calendar method, the measurement of basal body temperature and observing cervical mucus channel. The efficiency of these methods is quite low and is 90-92%. However, they may be used in women who are contraindicated other methods of birth control (such as the presence of chronic inflammation in the female genital organs or tumor), and with proper protection from the application serve unplanned pregnancy. If you use all three methods simultaneously physiological contraception, the efficiency will increase slightly (up to 94-95%) - this method is called Symptothermal. This method of contraception as an interrupted sexual intercourse has an efficiency of less than 82%.

By the mechanical (barrier) methods of contraception include condoms (88% efficiency), caps (73-92%) and the diaphragm (82, 4-85, 7%). However, these contraceptives have their advantages: they are easy to use, does not have contraindications and protect not only from unintended pregnancy, but also from the many kinds of infections, sexually transmitted.

Significantly increase the effectiveness of barrier methods of contraception may be a combination with chemical methods - the use of spermicides. Spermicides (farmateks, kontseptrol, Delphine, ortho, koromeks) destroy the membrane of sperm, resulting in their death. They are produced in various dosage forms such as creams, vaginal suppositories, foams, films, tablets for topical use. The effectiveness of mechanical means of contraception in conjunction with spermicide is 98%.

Finally, the most reliable method of contraception Methods of contraception: what to choose   a male and female sterilization, which is carried out surgically.

Galina Romanenko

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