High blood pressure (hypertension) is divided into primary and symptomatic. The reasons for the high pressure at the same time different. In some cases, hypertension is associated with genetic predisposition and the influence of environmental factors, while others - with the presence of certain diseases.

The reasons for the high pressure in hypertension

Essential hypertension (primary hypertension) - a chronic disease in which blood pressure rises because of a genetic predisposition and external factors. But the exact causes of the high pressure in both men and women are unknown.

It is proved that people whose parents suffered from hypertension, the disease develops much more often. This is important not only the fact of the presence of hypertension in relatives, but also the severity of the disease, the age of its origin and occurrence of complications.

Environmental factors also play a big role in the development of essential hypertension. For example, the main reason for high pressure - lack of exercise (physical inactivity) leads to a decrease in the ability not only adaptation of the musculoskeletal system, and circulatory and respiratory systems. Because of this, everyday life situations (little exercise, stress) provoke an increase in pressure.

Excessive alcohol consumption leads to disruption of the mechanisms regulating blood pressure. Smoking - another reason for the high pressure in humans. It causes damage to the endothelium (the cells that line the blood vessels inside) and activation of vasoconstrictive factors.

Excessive use of salt (more than four grams per day) results in an increase in blood volume. Because of this, the amount of blood which the heart ejects when reductions are also becomes greater and the pressure increases. Insufficient intake of food and water, potassium and magnesium can cause some people to the development of hypertension.

Emotional stress - as the cause of high blood pressure. A variant of this disease - hypertension, "workplace", when pressures are measured at the higher than at home or at the doctor's. To identify such variant of the disease is possible only through the daily monitoring of blood pressure.

Secrete factors that lead to hypertension at work. It:

• The fear of being without a job;
• Suppressed irritability associated with great professional stress;
• High demand and low wages at the same time;
• The lack of prospects for career advancement;
• Strong competition.

The reasons for the high pressure in postmenopausal women

After fifty years the prevalence of hypertensive disease in women increases dramatically. In addition to these reasons, the important role played by hormonal changes that occur after menopause.

The reduced blood levels of estrogen, which have a vasodilating action. Normally, these hormones block calcium intake in smooth muscle cells in the vessel walls to inhibit the formation of noradrenaline and adrenaline. At deficiency of estrogen, these mechanisms are broken, and blood pressure rises.

What is symptomatic arterial hypertension

Symptomatic arterial hypertension is a condition where the cause of the high-pressure - any particular disease or organ systems are involved in its regulation. These are called secondary hypertension.

Many diseases and pathological conditions lead to the development of symptomatic hypertension. The pressure increase may be due to:

• Kidney disease: acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, polycystic, tuberculosis, diabetes, multiple myeloma, or obstructive nephropathy, or hereditary interstitial nephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, lesions in systemic vasculitis and connective tissue diseases, thrombosis, aneurysms, atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis - when problems with blood vessels   or fibromuscular hyperplasia of the renal arteries, nephroptosis or renal tumors;
• Endocrine disorders: disorders of the adrenal glands, carcinoid, hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism , Hyperparathyroidism or acromegaly;
• Coarctation (congenital segmental narrowing) of the aorta;
• Pregnancy;
• Neurological disorders, such as increased intracranial pressure or sleep apnea (periodic breathing stops during sleep);
• Burn disease, pancreatitis, withdrawal syndrome in alcoholism, condition after surgery and resuscitation;
• Drug intake: oral contraceptives, glucocorticoids, mineralkortikoidy, estrogens, sympathomimetics, monoaminookidazy inhibitors (together with products that contain many of tyramine);
• Frequent intravenous infusion (infusion);
• Polycythemia - an increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood, white blood cells and platelets;
• Lead poisoning, cadmium and thallium.

Causes of high systolic blood pressure

Isolated systolic hypertension occurs when the aortic valve regurgitation and ductus arteriosus. By the increase in systolic blood pressure also causes hyperthyroidism.

Atherosclerosis of the aorta is reduced compliance of its wall. These changes affect the propagation velocity of blood vessels, which leads to an increase in systolic blood pressure only.

The reasons for increasing the pressure there are many, and find out what led to the development of hypertension in any man, can only specialist. Therefore, when a high pressure High pressure   for the selection of treatment is necessary to consult a doctor.

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