Placental abruption - why is it so dangerous to a woman's life?

Placental abruption - why is it so dangerous to a woman's life?
Danger

mazolysis Placental abruption - a rather rare and serious complication of pregnancy. Placenta - an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy, necessary for the supply and development of the fetus. A condition in which the placenta before birth partially or completely detached from the uterine wall, called placental abruption. This disorder can lead to the fact that the child will receive enough oxygen and nutrients, as well as a strong bleeding in the mother. Placental abruption is often develops suddenly, without early treatment, it can pose a serious danger to the mother and child.

Symptoms

Chance of placental abruption is greatest in the last twelve weeks before the birth. Classic symptoms of placental abruption are as follows:

Vaginal bleeding;
Abdominal pain;
Back pain;
Quick contractions that often go one by one.

Abdominal pain and back pain often begin very abruptly, without any "warning" alarm symptoms. Vaginal bleeding intensity varies greatly, and it does not always depend on whether the placenta is detached from the uterine wall. Even when significant parts of the placenta detachment bleeding may be no - this is possible when blood accumulates in the uterus due to the fact that placenta prevents it flow out.

Sometimes placental abruption is developing slowly. In this case, a woman may occasionally notice slight vaginal bleeding.

When any of the above symptoms as soon as possible to seek medical help.

Causes

In many cases, the exact cause of placental abruption is not possible. Among the possible reasons for this violation - abdominal trauma (for example, in a car accident or accidental fall), or rapid decrease in the volume of amniotic fluid.

Risk factors

The following factors increase the risk of placental abruption:

Placental abruption in a previous pregnancy significantly increases the likelihood of developing this disorder in subsequent pregnancies;
High blood pressure - both chronic and became a consequence of pregnancy - increased risk of placental abruption;
Injuries, especially abdominal trauma at any stage of pregnancy can contribute to placental abruption;
The use of drugs, particularly cocaine, can cause placental abruption;
Smoking presumably also increases the likelihood of developing this disorder;
Premature rupture of membranes. The risk of placental abruption greatly increased, rupture of membranes occurs before the expected date of the onset of labor;
Bleeding disorders. Any disease due to which blood can not clot properly, increase the risk of detachment of the placenta;
Multiple pregnancy, in some cases, too, leads to detachment of the placenta;
Age mother. Chance of placental abruption increases if the expectant mother over forty years.

Complications

Placental abruption can be life-threatening for both mother and child. Possible complications for the mother placental abruption:

Shock due to blood loss;
DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation);
Kidney failure or other bodies;
The need for blood transfusions.

Possible complications of placental abruption child:

The lack of oxygen and other nutrients necessary for normal development of the fetus;
The birth before 37 weeks of pregnancy;
Death (usually a death occurs in the womb).

After giving birth, a woman with placental abruption is a high probability of strong vaginal bleeding. If it can not be controlled, it may require special hysterectomy - surgical removal of the uterus.

Diagnostics

If you suspect a placental abruption is usually carried out a medical examination, ultrasound and a blood test. When ultrasound is not always possible to see all loose placenta, so often used for the diagnosis of several diagnostic procedures.

Treatment

Peel off the placenta can not be re-attach to the uterine wall and make it function properly. Treatment for placental abruption depends on the following factors:

Pregnancy lasts less than 34 weeks. If a small detachment of the placenta, the fetus normal pulse, but before delivery left a lot of time (six weeks or more), the woman is usually admitted to the hospital to her doctors would constantly monitor. If the bleeding stops and the condition of the fetus remains stable, the patient may be discharged, although the house it is generally recommended to comply with bed rest, or at least to refrain from loading. In some cases, the patient give drugs that accelerate the development of fetal lung - in the case will begin preterm labor Premature birth - Recognize the signals of the body in time .

Pregnancy lasts more than 34 weeks. With little placental abruption at this time possible natural childbirth What is natural childbirth In which doctors will carefully monitor the condition of the mother and child. If placental abruption progresses and threatens the life or health of the mother and child, it is usually performed cesarean section. In the case of major bleeding the patient may require a blood transfusion.

Prevention

Absolutely reliable ways to prevent detachment of the placenta does not exist, but you can exclude certain risk factors associated with this disorder. For example, it is strongly recommended to stop smoking and drugs. If you have high blood pressure, you must consult a doctor and take action to pressure during pregnancy was normal. Women who have previously had placental abruption, and are planning a new pregnancy, even before conception should be Conception - as the emerging life talk to your doctor about reducing the risk of re-development of this disorder. Typically, such patients during the whole period of pregnancy often need to go to the survey than the majority of pregnant women who closely monitor their feelings and seek the advice of a physician with the appearance of any unusual symptoms.