Pride and Prejudice

In January 1805 his father died, Jane. It is done exactly what so afraid of the family Bennet in "Pride and Prejudice" and that it was aware of the Jane firsthand. After the death of the head of the family income declined significantly, so Jane, her mother and sister for many years had to live mainly on small funds that provide them brothers Jane.

In 1809 he migrated to Austin Chouton where Brother Edward gave them a small house, which is located in Hampshire, near Steventon. Maybe it's their native places so affected Jane inspiration returned to her. Anyway, it was after moving to Chouton young woman again taken as his literary exercise.

First of all, it rewrites his very first novel, "Elinor and Marianne," which in the new edition was entitled "Sense and Sensibility." The main heroine - two sisters, quite reminiscent of Jane and Cassandra Austen. Already in the title of this work is the idea, largely determined the creative writer in the coming years. Indeed, later Jane Austen return again and again to the analysis of two types of attitude embodied in her first novels in the images of the two sisters: sensitivity, enthusiasm and follow the promptings of the first against diligence, prudence and caution. Woman following feelings exposes himself to innumerable dangers. The woman next only to reason, unhappy.

In 1811, the novel was published at the expense of the author. It was published anonymously (the authorship means "A lady"), and that it belonged to the pen of Jane were aware of only the closest relatives. In the novel had been written at least two positive reviews, and the first edition the author has brought a profit of 140 pounds.

Encouraged by this success, Jane Austen rewrote and "First impressions" that the new edition was entitled "Pride and Prejudice". The book was published at the end of January 1813. The rights to "Pride and Prejudice" Jane has sold for just £ 110, presumably to get the money in advance, without waiting for the proceeds of sales. Therefore, when the book was republished in 1813, Jane got nothing else.

The novel "Pride and Prejudice" withstood three reprints lifetime and still is among the five most widely read works of English literature .  He was awarded the benevolent attention of critics and some time was extremely fashionable in the world .  Known writer replica P .  Sheridan: "There is nothing funnier this book" .  The novel begins on line, which even English critics often called the most famous in English literature: "Everyone knows that young people have the means, should look for a wife" .  Roman is really dedicated to the hunt for suitors, and this topic is covered from all sides by the author and investigated in terms of all possible outcomes - comic, everyday, emotional, practical, hopeless, romantic, and even (in the case of Mr. Bennett's) tragic .  Masterfully built by dialogue, subtle humor and merciless satire, romance and psychological authenticity made the novel a classic provincial Hampshire immediately after its appearance on the shelves .

Also in October 1813 it was reissued novel "Sense and Sensibility" and six months later saw the light of "Mansfield Park". Through an extensive plot and a large number of actors in the novel has become one of the most difficult books of the writer. It first appeared features prominently in the later works of Austin - melancholy, a tendency to lengthy reflection and veiled condemnation of the immediacy of the senses.

Circulation "Mansfield Park" was completely sold out within six months, and Jane Austen has worked on "Emma" .  The new novel was published in December 1815, but, despite the goodwill of the critics, the novel was not destined to repeat the success of the first novels of Jane Austen .  Of the 2,000 thousand copies of circulation and a half years remain unsold even more than a quarter .  At the same time, this novel today recognized the top creative writer, a striking example of her comic gift .  Among those who were able to appreciate the novel during the life of Jane Austen - was Walter Scott .  Reviewing the novel, the writer drew attention to the fundamental difference between the style of Austin - "subtle touch, thanks to which even the contemptible events and the characters are interesting and truthful description of the feelings" .  However, minor income received in the publication of "Emma" barely was enough to cover the losses from the re-edition of "Mansfield Park" .  For a family of Austin fell on hard times .

Since the beginning of 1816 Jane was feeling worse and worse. So far it is not known from what illness she was suffering, but most historians agree that this was Addison's disease - a rare disease, accompanied by emaciation, physical weakness and terrible agonizing pain. Jane managed to finish "Persuasion" in August 1816, but the novel never saw the light in her lifetime, and the troubles that dogged her family, deprived of her sanity. Her brother Henry, who played her literary agent, went bankrupt, and his brother Edward had lost 20,000 pounds.

At the beginning of 1817 Jane Austen began work on a new novel titled "Senditon", but aggravated the illness did not allow it to continue, though the novel has promised to surpass the wits, daring and plasticity of language all previously written Austin. April 27, Jane made a will in which virtually all of its property retreated sister Cassandra. May 24, Jane was forced to go to Winchester for medical treatment. There she died on July 18 at the age of 41 years. She was buried in Winchester Cathedral July 24, 1817.

Jane Austen is rightly called the first lady of English literature .  Her works are timeless and has been two hundred years are recognized all those who are able to assess their unsophisticated sincerity, serene simplicity, subtle psychological sketches and ironic, mild, truly English humor .  Its heroine - a lively, affectionate and independent, light-hearted and intelligent, proud and defenseless, are what all we feel and are what all of us would like to be .  Let intellectuals relate to her work with disdain .  Whether creation of Jane Austen's only women's novels, they would not stand for two hundred years of glory .  What is the secret? How did this weak-sighted, modest, hopelessly tasteless and ill-mannered turn into a provincial girl Miss English novel and create a book that became a model of wit, grace and style? This question is answered Jane herself in one of his earliest works, the novel entitled "Nortenbergskoe abbey" .  That's where the writer once and for all defined stringent requirements, which it seeks to subordinate all his works .  The goal, which it reached, I would add myself: "It's only a novel" - in other words, only a little work in which complex thoughts, a thorough knowledge of human nature, a successful outline of her works and witty remarks opened the world through better language .

Daria Nedelina

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