Vitamin C

Vitamin C (L- ascorbic acid) and its derivatives are used as depigmenting agents immediate bleaching action. They block the oxidative reaction from tyrosine / dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to melanin at different stages.

Kojic acid

Kojic acid (5-hydroxy-2- [hydroxymethyl] -4-pyrone), a product of the metabolism of fungi is widely used as an ingredient for whitening skin care products for the skin in Japan since 1988. Several studies have shown that kojic acid inhibits the activity of tyrosinase; This property is due to the ability to bind copper ions tirazinazy.

Arbutin

Arbutin (hydroquinone-β-D-glucopyranoside) comprises a glucose hydroquinone compound; Arbutin is a hydroquinone derivative of the natural (beta-D-glucopyranoside). Arbutin inhibits melanogenesis by affecting the activity of tyrosinase, less frequently, destroying the melanocytes and decreasing the synthesis of melanin Which foods contain melanin - skin care . Action arbutine due to the similarity with the amino acid tyrosine, which is a substrate for tyrosinase.

Azaleinovaya acid

Azaleinovaya acid (AZA) - dicarboxylic acid originally isolated from Plasmodium ovale. Has established itself as depigmentation (bleaching) agent that does not show its activity in intact skin. Azaleinovaya acid selectively inhibits tyrosinase in melanocytes with increased her activity.

Extract of mulberry (mulberry)

Compound 5- (3-2, 4 - [dihydroxyphenyl] propyl) -3, 4-bis (3-methyl-2-butenyl) -1, 2-benzenediol obtained from mulberry root bark, mushroom tyrosinase inhibits binds free radicals bleaches and UV-induced pigmentation in the guinea pigs. Studies in humans showed no irritating or sensebiliziruyuschego action.

Chemical peeling agents

Chemical peels are deemed to be accepted treatment for hyperpigmentation of the skin. For chemical peeling agents include glycolic acid, salicylic acid and resorcinol.

Chemicals

Kligman formula contains 5% hydroquinone 0 0 1% tretinoin, 1% of dexamethasone on a hydrophilic base. Formula Pataca contains 2% hydroquinone 0, 05-0, 1% tretinoin. Formula Vestergofa comprises 4, 7% N-acetylcysteine ​​(NAC), 2% hydroquinone and 0, 1% triamtsinolonatsetonida.

Other common ingredients of therapeutic cosmetics

Herbal ingredients

Awareness of the damage caused by the industrialization of the environment, has given rise to interest in products with natural ingredients. No other ingredients are not suitable for natural cosmetics as vegetable. Plant components today are part of the vast majority of products on the market, from cosmetics to soft drinks. Avocado, banana, lemon and other botanicals are listed on thousands of labels. The basis of their beneficial effects on mechanisms of antioxidants, alpha and betagidroksikislot, and others yet unknown properties.

The most popular herbal ingredients include chamomile, which inhibits the release of histamine, and has anti-inflammatory properties, and ginseng, which stimulates the biosynthesis of proteins, RNA and lipids .  It is found that the extract of Ginkgo biloba catalyzes the enzyme activity in the epidermis following topical application as well as enhances the activity of enzymes systemically liver, heart and kidney .  Contained in the yellow pigment curcumin curry has anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the formation of leukotrienes, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and stabilizing the lysosomal membranes of neutrophils .  Glycyrrhizin contained in licorice root, inhibits the activity of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes .  Capsaicin inhibits substance P, a peptide-carrier inflammation .  Aloe vera accelerates healing of wounds, protects the skin from harmful external influences, and relieves irritation .

Glycosaminoglycans

Hyaluronic acid (HA) - the predecessor of the other glikozaminoglakanov (GAG). Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan dermal composition. Studies have shown that aging skin is reduced level of glycosaminoglycans. Hyaluronic acid stimulates the regeneration of the epidermis. One of the important properties of hyaluronic acid is its ability to retain water. Hyaluronic acid is able to retain water in the weight of a thousand times the weight of the hyaluronic acid. Polymerized hyaluronic acid is used as a filler for correcting cosmetic defects. Hyaluronic acid - one of the most indiferrentnyh fillers as completely utilized by the body.

Anti-cellulite agents

The lipolysis Lipolysis - sharpen your figure   indirectly participate beta-adrenergic receptors that induce the breakdown of fats, and alpha-2-adrenergic receptors that inhibits lipolysis (lipolysis). Agents which bind to these receptors, hypothetically may have a therapeutic effect with cellulite. Beta-adrenergic stimulants (beta-adrenergic receptors) are theobromine, theophylline, aminophylline, caffeine Caffeine - enemy or friend? , Izopropilarterenol hydrochloride and epinephrine. Alpha-2 adrenergic inhibitor (alpha-2-adrenoceptors) include yohimbine, piperoxan, phentolamine and dihydroergotamine.

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