Diabetes develops when metabolic disorders associated with the shortfall cells of organs and tissues of the main power of the material - glucose. Diabetics must constantly monitor blood sugar. Its sharp increase or decrease may cause a diabetic coma.

Diabetes and its species

Diabetes - a violation of carbohydrate metabolism. Develop diabetes or due to lack of pancreatic hormone insulin (it helps tissue cells metabolize glucose), or a loss of the ability of the cells to assimilate glucose. In accordance with different mechanisms of diabetes is divided into two types:

• insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type I;
• non-insulin dependent type II diabetes.

Different types of diabetes is, both similarities and differences.

Type I diabetes - insulin

Insulin-dependent diabetes develops most often in children, adolescents or young adults. The main cause of the disease is hereditary features of the structure of the pancreas. Family history contributes to the fact that some viral diseases transferred give complications in the pancreas, killing its cells, including the cells responsible for insulin secretion.

This process is gradual and sometimes takes months or years before the first signs of diabetes. A gradual loss of pancreatic function often does not manifest itself. The first symptoms of diabetes (manifestation) are often hyperglycemic coma. It forces the patient to seek medical help. Later it passes inspection and finds out that he has diabetes.

Type II diabetes - insulin-dependent

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus often develops after 40-45 years. With age, the number of diabetics is growing. The disease is associated with the violation of the cells to absorb glucose. In diabetes type II insulin may be sufficient or more below normal, but it often remains untapped because the cells can not absorb glucose and begin to starve as well as in type I diabetes mellitus.

Type II diabetes occurs not as prevalent as diabetes mellitus type I, it often goes unnoticed that is the cause of serious complications.

Complications

The lack of glucose leads to a significant disruption of the function of all organs and tissues of the body. But most of all suffer the immune system, nervous system and blood vessels.

The defeat of the blood vessels and nerves leading to severe disturbances in the various organs and tissues. Especially can suffer kidney (gradually reduced their function, increased blood pressure), vision (atrophy of the optic nerve and blindness) and soft tissues of the lower limbs (initially developed degenerative disorders, then joins an infection develops gangrene).

Emergencies in Diabetes

Also slowly developing complications of diabetes can develop conditions that require urgent medical attention. One of these states is a diabetic coma. In patients with diabetes mellitus type I and II, it flows differently.

In Type I diabetes may develop ketoatsidoticheskaya hyperglycemic coma due to the fact that the pancreas produces little insulin, so glucose is not absorbed by the tissues and accumulates in the blood, whereas the cells are starving. If not corrected glucose dysregulation, the lack of energetic material causes the organism to be used as fuel oils. As a result, the blood begins to accumulate large amounts of toxic substances ketone or acetone. They lead to the development of acidosis and glucose contained in blood in a large amount starts to be output through the kidneys, carrying water. This leads to dehydration. Acidosis causes headache Headache , Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration - lethargy, weakness, muscle cramps. Such a state may go into hyperglycemic someone with loss of consciousness and general convulsions.

Patients with type II diabetes develops hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma. It is associated with the loss of a very large amount of fluid and full dehydration. This acetone in the blood, no, no, and acidosis, but the patient's condition is deteriorating rapidly due to dehydration. All the hyperglycemic condition requires immediate medical attention.

Another equally serious condition is hypoglycemic coma. It occurs when blood sugar drops sharply. In this case, the first to suffer brain cells, so hypoglycemia occurs very quickly: dizziness, unconsciousness and coma. Help in this case, the reception candy or sugar.

Diabetes requires a complete change in the patient's lifestyle and daily monitoring of blood sugar levels.

Galina Romanenko

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