Blood pressure consists of two indicators: the upper, or systolic and diastolic blood pressure or lower. Both indicators are important, but they are talking about changes in various disorders. That is why not all patients with high blood pressure High blood pressure - one of the most frequent pathologies   are there other suitable drugs.

What is blood pressure

Blood pressure - is the total pressure in the arteries, which in various blood vessels is different: the vessel is located closer to the heart and its larger diameter, the higher the blood pressure. A standard blood pressure measurement on said arm about a pressure in the brachial artery, which normally is equal to 120/80 mm Hg. The first digit indicates the blood pressure of the systolic pressure, i.e. the maximum pressure in the arteries when the heart is in systole, that is compressed and pushes the blood in the blood vessels. The value of systolic pressure depends on the frequency and strength of heart contractions, and therefore it is sometimes called "heart." The more frequently the heart beats, the higher systolic blood pressure in the arteries.

The height of the lower pressure is mainly determined by the degree of patency of small arteries, the pulse rate and the elastic properties of the artery walls. The greater resistance of the walls in their higher heart rate and lower elastic resistance of the walls of large arteries, the higher the diastolic pressure.

As we move the blood through the arteries the pressure drops and the pressure in the capillaries (small blood vessels) almost does not depend on the strength of cardiac output. On the muscle tone of the walls of the arteries affects the condition of the kidneys. The kidneys secrete renin-active substance which enhances muscle tone of the blood vessels, respectively, and diastolic pressure. Therefore, the diastolic pressure is often referred to as "renal".

The systolic and diastolic pressure

Blood pressure (BP) has two numbers - the top and bottom. The upper figure represents the magnitude of systolic pressure, which depends on the forces of contraction of the heart muscle (myocardium) during systole (contraction of the myocardium). The value of systolic pressure depends on the frequency and strength of heart contractions, and therefore it is sometimes called "heart." The more frequently the heart beats, the higher systolic blood pressure in the arteries.

Discarded per systole into the circulatory system is rapidly moving blood volume and reaches the small vessels. The walls of the blood vessels resist the advancing blood and resistance is greater than that (it depends on the elasticity of vessel walls), the higher the lower or diastolic pressure, which corresponds to the phase of myocardial relaxation - diastole. Diastolic blood pressure is defined as the degree of patency of small arteries and heart rate.

At the same time, the younger the person, the lower the blood pressure normal. In old age, blood pressure slightly increased - and this is also the physiological norm. The rate of diastolic pressure as individually, however, a significant excess of it can talk about the beginning of hypertension. The average age of the diastolic pressure is usually 65-80 mm Hg. Art., and after 50 years - 80-89 mm Hg. Art. Level lower pressure normally ranges between 65 ± 10 mm Hg. Art. If BP occasionally increased or decreased, it is usually nothing said sense only consistently altered parameters as the pressure can vary, for example, depending on the emotional stress, ambient temperature (at high temperature arteries dilate and blood pressure is reduced and vice versa ), physical exertion (with hard work quickens the heartbeat and increases the systolic pressure) and so on.

Diastolic pressure person may also vary due to various factors: the greater the resistance of the walls (the walls of the above elastic properties) is higher heart rate, the higher the diastolic pressure.

What should be the diastolic pressure normal

Normally, each person has a normal blood pressure, which may be slightly above or below the standard. But there are certain limits on exit for which blood pressure is considered to have high or low. Thus, stable high blood pressure to 140/90 mm Hg is considered dangerous and is already talking about the possibility of the beginning of hypertension. The lower limit of normal should not exceed the value of 90/60 mmHg. Sometimes changing a certain rate, and the second is in the normal range. In this case, guided by the changes in the index. In healthy people, diastolic pressure ranges 65 ± 10 mm Hg. The average age of the most frequently diastolic pressure is 70 - 80 mmHg, and after 50 years - 80-89 mm Hg.

A single lifting or lowering blood pressure nothing said sense only stably modified parameters as blood pressure may vary, for example, depending on the stress, ambient temperature (at high temperature arteries dilate and blood pressure is reduced and vice versa) physical exertion (with hard work quickens the heartbeat and increases the systolic pressure).

Increase in the diastolic blood pressure

Reasons increase in diastolic pressure may be different. But most of the diastolic pressure rises in diseases of the kidney, adrenal gland and thyroid gland, that is a sign of symptomatic arterial hypertension. This happens because the muscle tone of the walls of the arteries affects the condition of the kidneys. The kidneys secrete renin-active substance which enhances muscle tone of the blood vessels, respectively, and diastolic pressure. Therefore, the diastolic pressure is often referred to as "renal".

When tumors of the adrenal or pituitary tumor tissue can produce hormones such as adrenalin, which increases the blood pressure both systolic and diastolic. Thyroid hormones also contribute to the systolic and diastolic pressures.

The degree of increase in diastolic blood pressure can be judged only by its comparison with the systolic pressure. Their line said pulse pressure - a figure equal to the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Normally, pulse pressure should be about 40 mm Hg. Art. With an increase in systolic blood pressure (when the diastolic is normal) pulse pressure increases, in this case, think of cardiovascular disease. In the case of reducing the pulse pressure increases and diastolic blood pressure - is more characteristic of kidney disease.

Lower pressure less than 90 mmHg. Art. is the norm 90-105 mm Hg. Art. - Can be a sign of early stage hypertension 106-115 mmHg. Art. - Moderate hypertension, greater than 115 mm Hg. Art. - Hard, and above 130 mm Hg. Art. - Of malignant hypertension.

The progression of hypertension with the tendency of constant increase in diastolic blood pressure by 5 mm Hg. Art. nearly 30% increased risk of stroke and 20% - of myocardial infarction.

What does the change in diastolic blood pressure

How elevated diastolic blood pressure can be judged only by its combination with systolic or upper pressure. Their line says another indicator - pulse pressure, which is determined by subtracting the systolic blood pressure diastolic blood pressure. Normally, pulse pressure should be about 40 mm Hg. With an increase in systolic blood pressure (when the diastolic is normal) pulse pressure is growing in this case it is necessary to look for abnormalities of the circulatory system.

If the pulse pressure decreases, this indicates an increase in diastolic blood pressure, in which the pathology will need to look at the kidneys. But it is certainly the general conclusions in practice is more complicated, as the diastolic blood pressure is influenced by not only the kidneys, but other organs and systems.

If blood pressure is consistently above 140/90 mm Hg, the significantly increased risk of complications such as stroke and myocardial infarction. If diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg - this is a normal blood pressure, indicators of 90 - 105 mm Hg indicate the beginning of hypertension, 106-115 millimeters of mercury - a moderate hypertension, 115 millimeters of mercury - a heavy and above 130 mm Hg - of malignant hypertension. Malignant hypertension should be confirmed by the state of the blood vessels in the fundus (arteries narrowed and twisted veins dilated).

With the constant increase of the lower blood pressure by 5 mm Hg by a third increases the risk of stroke and a fifth - of myocardial infarction. If the diastolic blood pressure increased by 10 mm Hg or more, the risk is further increased.

Diastolic blood pressure is an important indicator by which the diagnosis of hypertension.

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