The first year of life - a very difficult and challenging time. A child under one year absolutely defenseless, he is totally dependent on adults and requires a lot of attention. Yet crumb grows with each passing day. Every month brings a new discovery of the baby, and to his first birthday child already knows and can do a lot.

Baby Care

A young child requires constant attention. At first he can not do anything, so the task of parents - to feed, change and entertain crumbs. Then the child becomes more independent and parents have to also watch out for the son or daughter to kinda foolish child is not currently inflicted some harm.

You can feed the baby by the hour or on demand. Most parents prefer the interim option: feeding a flexible schedule tailored to the needs of the child.

Keep baby clean diapers in the age of easy. In addition, you need to bathe your baby every day - swimming is not just a hygienic procedure, it contributes to the development of the crumbs.

In small children, poorly developed thermoregulation, so you must make sure that the baby is not cold and not too hot. You also need to carry out tempering procedure, do massage crumbs and do special gymnastics. And save the child from infectious diseases to help immunizations.

Features psychology of children under one year

Newborns are well-marked reflexes: sucking, grasping, and others. These reflexes help babies who are not yet able to think and reason, to survive. With the accumulation of experience and improvement of thinking the role of reflexes in the child's life is becoming less important.

. But time passes, and the baby adapt to life in this world. Baby learns to keep sight of the objects, voices and faces to learn. At the age of one to two months, he has parents can award its first conscious smile.

At the age of the month child makes the first attempts to tell someone about their feelings: his crying gets emotional. Sensitive mothers can identify their kid wants attention, hungry or uncomfortable because of the crowded diaper. At this age the child already can focus look and watch the eyes of the subject. However, turning the head after the child is the subject does not know how he is not able to recognize the cause-effect relationships.

In two months, the child is already beginning to be interested in communicating with parents, revitalizes and gulit the sight of a mother or father. In three months, the baby is already able to recognize faces of parents, highlighting them. Then the child is learning to entertain themselves on their own, for example, consider hanging over the crib toys or their own pens. The four-month period of self-knowledge of the world may increase to two hours.

For five months the child learns to clearly show certain emotions. At this age, children are usually already able to recognize themselves in the mirror and speak in their own name. Scarce can already tell about their desires, for example, point to the mother's breast in the case of hunger Psychology and physiology of hunger - the two sides of the same coin .

After six months, the baby will learn to clearly divide people into friends and foes: it belongs to the latter with distrust. His games are becoming aware: it is not just waving a rattle, and some interaction with the toy. Children learn subjects including in the book in the picture. Also crumbs understand request Adults gladly fulfill them.

Develop communication skills. And while playing with other children often reduced to grabbing favorite toys and attempts to scratch eyes new friend, adults-year-old kid could already communicate. He understands adequately addressed to him words and can express their opinion. At this age, and begin the first whims: if the child does not agree with the adults on some important subject for him, he must report it. Parents in such a situation should not only insist on, but crumbs and explain their point of view.

Education kid

Not too early to speak about education, if the child has not yet celebrated his first birthday? Psychologists say that it is not too early. But to bring the baby to be, of course, taking into account the psychology.

In old books on psychology can be found rather peculiar advice on education crumbs. For example, mothers recommended to strictly observe the regime of the day, do not take the child in his arms once again and did not react to his crying. It was believed that this behavior will make the child's obedient and gentle. To date, the Council recognizes these harmful. The baby cries and calls mum because he was scared and bad one, not because he wants to make fun of the way their parents. Child completely exposed, and most of the problems encountered decide it is simply not able to. And the task of loving mothers and fathers - to help your child. So do not be afraid to spoil the child - up to one year is impossible.

Of course, there is no need to tell the crumbs on the principle of electric current, just explain in accessible language that, for example, electrical outlets - a source of danger and pain.

In the age of the child, the need to create a number of useful habits, for example, to entertain themselves independently, report their hunger or to ask for a pot. Some children learn these skills by the year, others - only two years. The pace of development are different, so do not blame the kid, if something can not cope. Parents need to be patient crumbs.

Maria Bykov

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