His development of human civilization is obliged to means of communication. Through writing and speaking people passed each other with information that enables society to improve. But a person learns to speak at once: language development in children occurs gradually, and that the process was successful, the child needs help of adults.

Stages of development of speech

Hardly born baby can not say anything, even though his vocal apparatus is arranged in the same way as in adults. But children need to learn how to use speech, and the learning process is gradual, not a year or two.

It is well known that children deprived from infancy to communicate with adults, to say do not even try. Kids brought up by wolves, instead of studying the development of human speech communication methods adopted among wolves. Children brought up by bears, respectively, communicate a bear. And if such "Mowgli" are among people enough adulthood (after twelve years), they are, as a rule, can not acquire a human language.

Thus, in order that the child learned to speak, he must constantly hear human speech. Speech skills develop in a child in a certain order. Speed ​​training can vary depending on the development and characteristics of the child, for example, girls tend to learn to speak faster than boys.

The first stages of development of speech

Before a child begins to speak, he must learn to understand the speech of others, found a sufficient number of words and learn to control their vocal apparatus. In the first months of life the child learns gulit. Scarce training utter different sounds in every way. At first, he gives only the vowels and four months Gulen becomes more complex. Of course, these sounds can not be called speech in the full sense of the word, as the semantic meaning "word" baby not yet bear.

In about five months, the child not only learns to pronounce the different sounds, but also training in the pronunciation of the different intonations. Since it is already possible to communicate Let the child does not know the words, but vividly reacts to speech addressed to him babble. Babbling becomes more diverse, the child clearly pronounces the syllables in different combinations, trying to repeat the words of adults. Passive child's vocabulary grows, of course, if the adults do not forget to talk to him and read his books.

If a six-month baby is still not able to pronounce the vowels, should consult a doctor. Should consult a doctor and when to fifteen months the baby did not say a single word.

About a year a child utters the first meaningful word. Sometimes it is a significant event occurs on two or three months earlier or later. At the same time the child develops intonation, learning to handle an adult, his attention. The first words of a child are to report their needs. At the age of one and a half or two years, the child may have to say simple phrases first. At the same time it begins to be used to refer to objects, the child becomes interested in the names of all that surrounds it. As a result of the rapidly enriched vocabulary.

For three years the baby already can support a simple conversation, for example, to answer adult questions. He confidently uses the pronoun, the plural forms of nouns, builds long sentences, using up to six words. The reason for the concern may be, if the kid does not answer questions, but simply repeats them - it is better to consult a speech therapist Speech It does not say whether the sign of the delay of speech development.

The development of speech preschooler

After three years of development of speech continues. It these kids can understand not only parents, but also strangers. The vocabulary is constantly expanding, the children are trying to learn new words. At the age of four years old child can, for example, to make a coherent story in pictures - in this story will be the introduction, main part and conclusion.

It becomes shaped actively used adjectives. The child begins to recognize students who do not know what was going on, may need further explanation - and gives these explanations. This is an important step in the development of speech: words become the main way to pass some information interlocutors.

Of course, this happens only if the child has the opportunity to fill up your vocabulary. Parents should as much as possible to read to your children, be sure to explaining the meaning of unfamiliar words.

Most of the sounds of children at this age pronounced correctly, but if there are difficulties, it is better not to postpone the visit to the speech therapist: regular classes with an expert to help get rid of the defects of speech to school.

The development of speech student

For six or seven years of a child can already make a coherent story, even without relying on images. Most children at this age are introduced to the written language. Master the written language can be more complicated than verbal: it requires not just read the words, but also be aware of the reading. Speaking easier to understand: this help, for example, the intonation. When a child reads, he must convert lettering into words, and then realize the meaning of these words, and the general sense of reading.

The child masters the written language. First, in the writing he uses the structure to which it is used in oral speech. But soon it becomes clear that in the written form of such structures are not backed by intonation, facial expressions and gestures, is not getting enough expressive. As a result, changing the structure of the written first, and then the speech: it is more logical, consistent, coherent and literary.

Language development occurs throughout life: the accumulation of life experience expands vocabulary, it becomes expressive, metaphorical, figurative. Of course, this is not always: the more developed man, and the more books he read, the more clearly he sets out his thoughts, and the correctness of his speech.

Maria Bykov

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