Calendar of vaccinations - the rules for vaccination

Calendar of vaccinations - the rules for vaccination
Protection from infection

immunization schedule Mass vaccination of the population routinely carried out in all countries. National legislation provides for special rules on vaccination that are included in the vaccination schedule. Calendars are differences in different countries, which is determined by the peculiarities of the region of residence, morbidity, availability of vaccines and other special moments.

What distinguishes Russian vaccination calendar

Some vaccines are included in immunization schedule as needed. Given the high incidence of tuberculosis, it was decided to introduce a vaccine for infants against tuberculosis is mandatory. This measure is a means of preventing the spread of infectious disease, characterized by highly contagious. The vaccine is injected in the first three days of life (a maximum of seven days), when it is still in the children's ward of maternity hospital. It is used BCG vaccine or BCG-M.

Calendar, which was designed to determine the period of vaccination for children has changed, it introduced various additions. There was a rescheduling of the first vaccination against hepatitis B. Earlier, the children who were not vaccinated, vaccination was carried out in thirteen years. At the moment the child is instilled in the first days of life, that is, in the first 24 hours.

Despite the differences in vaccination calendars of different countries, they are united by one common rule. Vaccination should be done early, as it gives an opportunity to reach the largest number of child immunization. According to the developed calendar vaccination is carried out in a planned manner, but the possibility of further measures on the prevailing epidemiological indications that there is a threat of infectious disease outbreaks.

Creating immunity against infectious diseases

The use of inactivated vaccine helps to create immunity, but it should spend a few vaccinations. A single injection of the vaccine may not provide a complete immune defense. In this connection it is necessary to strictly adhere to the schedule of vaccinations, which was designed to carry out preventive measures.

The vaccination schedule includes vaccines that prevent the development of the following diseases:

TB
Hepatitis B
Polio
Diphtheria
pertussis
Tetanus
Measles
Rubella
Mumps

Vaccinated children is permitted only to those vaccines, which are registered and approved for use with the vaccine can not only be domestic and foreign production. Each vaccine has an established instructions, so be sure to adhere strictly to its execution.

The body of the child is introduced killed or attenuated pathogen specific disease for which the vaccine is made. In response, the body begins to produce specific antibodies, which are protected against infection in the coming years. Immediately after birth and until the end of the first month of life, the newborn has a natural protection it receives when breastfed. Maternal antibodies are short protection, so vaccinations can reliably protect the child against various diseases.

Recently, there is a tendency, when parents decide not to vaccinate a child. They have every right to it, but they are required to issue the appropriate waiver forms at the doctor pediatrician in the clinic. The fault could be due to the fear of complications after vaccination. In most cases, parents take this decision for religious reasons.

Vaccination of children aged up to one year

The very first vaccine in the life of the newborn is a vaccine against hepatitis B. It should be done in the period 12-24 hours after birth. Completeness of immune response to the vaccine the child is dependent on gestational age. If the vaccine is given a premature baby, it indirectly creates an artificial immune system is quite deficient due to low levels of immunoglobulins in the blood. The opposite situation is in the case of vaccination of neonates born at term. Antibody occurs in a sufficient amount so that the degree of child protection from infection is greatly increased.

To maintain the level of antibodies in the blood is necessary to re-introduction of the vaccine at 30 days and six months. Despite the difference in the level of antibodies in children born at different stages of pregnancy, experts recommend vaccinating preterm infants according to the established schedule of vaccinations. Vaccination of these children will contribute to strengthening the body's defensive abilities.

Vaccinations against polio, diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough are doing in term of three months of a child's life. Vaccinate not from each of these diseases, and from a group of diseases. A special complex DTP, prevents the development of whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. A child receives a vaccination instead of four, only two, the second is against polio. To create a full immune response to be done again the same two doses at four and a half months. In the future, the child must be re-vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus within the calendar dates. Since the last vaccinated adults a booster every ten years.

Driving routine vaccination of children from one year to two years

During the first year of life were vaccinated last six months. This is the re-introduction of the vaccine at the same time against the four known diseases (polio, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis), as well as the third hepatitis B vaccination. The child gets maximum protection for one year, when administered major preventive vaccine. In the future only happens revaccination or vaccination for the prevailing epidemiological indications.

After a short period of time of six months vaccinated child when he is one year. Vaccination is carried out in the form of the introduction of a vaccine against multiple diseases (mumps, measles and rubella). After one year, it should be repeated vaccinated against four diseases (DTP and polio). According to established deadlines boosted child immunization calendar year and a half.

At this stage of life, he no longer needs a booster, we can only repeat the vaccination against polio in 20 months. If the scheme of preventive vaccination was not initially broken by parents or other reasons, the child was not vaccinated in time, the doctor will individually have to determine the time of vaccination, if necessary.