The system, or as it is called, the method Montessori was born in the early XX century. To date, this method has been a lot of children around the world, the system of upbringing and education developed by Maria Montessori, have a lot of loyal fans and fierce opponents.

The technique

Maria Montessori created a system of education based on individual approach. In Montessori education is unacceptable to compare the child with other children, or evaluate it for some common standards. In this system, shall not apply encouragement or punishment: children learn freely, without any coercion.

Maria Montessori began working with mentally retarded children, and a technique originally designed specifically for educating children who are lagging behind in development. Over time, the teacher became involved in this system, and with healthy children. It proceeded from the fact that all children are eager to participate in the life of adults, there is no need to force a child to learn: he will be happy to learn, if only to allow it to develop in a comfortable pace for him. Indeed, children who Maria Montessori gave the opportunity to choose the rhythm and tempo training, duration of training, didactic material and the direction of development, growing faster than their peers.

The child is encouraged autonomy and teacher respects the choice of the baby if the baby, for example, uses the didactic material for other purposes.

Much attention is paid to the development of sensory perception. The didactic material is designed in such a way as to affect the child's feelings - mainly on the sense of touch.

The training of Montessori no detail: Every detail of the interior is aimed at developing the child. In addition, the environment should be comfortable for the baby, besides the child should be able to change the situation in accordance with their needs: for example, to choose the place, rearrange the chairs and tables.

Adult in the Montessori system are not acting in the role of teachers as well as observers. The task of parents - to help your child become independent. The main task of the teacher is also not to interfere with the process of self-development of the child and not try to adjust the process to your liking. Adults are encouraged to think about the child and his future, rather than trying to "fashion" of the child's personality in his own image and likeness.

Advantages of the system

If the traditional pedagogy of teaching the child to live by the rules, the Montessori method of teaching these rules to create. Students soon become independent. They do not need to be motivated to learn: they tend to form because the study was the fact that they are interested in. Such children quickly learn to independently organize their activities and take responsibility for their actions.

Uneven groups allow children to learn how to communicate with seniors and with younger comrades. Seniors helping younger, and as a result in the first brought up the responsibility, and secondly - confidence.

The pupils ask questions themselves are looking for answers: the system gives them that opportunity. The teacher can answer the question, but will never solve the problem for the child. Of course, in the process of teaching children to make mistakes and learn on their own to identify and correct them.

Deficiencies

Some ideas of Maria Montessori is certainly possible to put into practice everything and always. For example, perhaps, no child will not interfere with the responsibility and the desire to learn. But Montessori education system can have certain disadvantages.

For example, children who are raised by such a procedure is usually quite painful clash transferred to the traditional system of education. If the Montessori method requires an individual approach and gives the child the maximum freedom, in a normal school approach to all standard, and on freedom can only dream of. Not all children can be easily adapted to such changes.

Teachers who work at the Montessori system, need to learn for a long time: no short courses do not provide the necessary skills. And, of course, the cost of services such teachers are usually quite high, and to find a real expert can be difficult. And teachers who have studied a technique superficially, are not competent to find the approach to any child.

The quality of materials is very important: the use of homemade fakes unacceptable. Therefore, to save money on equipment for training harm to succeed.

The main claim to Montessori - insufficient development of creative abilities of children. Spontaneous play in this procedure are considered harmful and hampering the development of the child. While intellectual abilities develop in full force, children's creative impulses is not given enough attention.

According to Maria Montessori and her followers, painting - an unnecessary activity that resemble the child from reality. Accordingly, in classes and groups working on this system, not to find pencils and paints. Children do not have the ability to draw, even if such a desire is present in them.

Relationship to the literature in this technique is also ambiguous: children are taught to read, but do not teach them to love reading. Children read to get information, but do not get from the process of reading pleasure.

Maria Bykov

Related Articles

Methods Zaitseva: what is it?

Cubes Zaitseva: toys with a secret