Kidney cancer can develop long and quietly. Discover it often accidentally, during the examination on another occasion. Furthermore, in the kidneys may also be detected cancer metastasized to other organs. Most metastases to the kidneys gives lung cancer, there are also metastases and other organs.

Factors predisposing to the development of kidney cancer

Cancer - a malignant tumor that develops from cells of the epithelium - the mucous membranes. The process of the formation of cancer long before the first symptoms of the disease. Please come metabolic disorders Metabolic disease   on the molecular and cellular level, which lead to rapid uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells -education. Violation of the cellular metabolism can last for years and decades, but when it started east of the tumor, the process becomes faster.

Factors that contribute to the acceleration of this process are a genetic predisposition, various hereditary diseases of the kidneys, ionizing radiation, immune disorders, intoxication (smoking, industrial hazards), trauma, chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases of the kidney and urinary tract.

There are several types of kidney cancer, the most frequent renal cell carcinoma (adenocarcinoma) - it is derived from renal epithelium. Sometimes kidney cancer develops as a result of metastasis from another body, most of the light. Renal cell cancer is usually located in the renal cortex on one of its poles, it has a rounded form tumors which may further increase, both inside and outside.

Symptoms

Intrigue kidney cancer is that it takes quite a long time unnoticed. And only with a significant tumor development appear typical symptoms: pain in the lumbar region, blood in the urine and swelling that can be felt in the lumbar region. These symptoms appear when you have advanced disease.

Symptoms of kidney cancer can be divided into renal and extrarenal. Renal symptoms - is the presence in urine of blood, pus (erythrocytes and leucocytes), as well as protein and cylinders (proteinaceous cellular formations having a cylindrical shape). Renal symptoms include aching and pain in the lumbar region, a tumor that can be felt in the lower back, high blood pressure, kidney dysfunction. Blood in the urine in kidney cancer is constantly present - is associated with damage to the walls of blood vessels as a result of tumor invasion or rupture variceal kidney. In most cases the pain when it is not, but in some cases, blood clots can form in the ureter, searching through the lumen. This in turn causes ischemia (severe lack of oxygen) of the wall of the ureter and renal colic attack.

Extrarenal symptoms of kidney cancer - these are signs of intoxication: fever, weakness, weight loss, anemia, accelerated ESR, varicose veins of the spermatic cord in men. Fever with kidney cancer is often the first symptom of the disease - sometimes it starts before the typical renal symptoms.

Pain in the kidneys, in contrast, are far advanced process feature, it appears while squeezing the tumor tissue and surrounding nerves. Often such pain can be confused with pain in osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine - it pays down and groin.

Kidney cancer may metastasize to nearby lymph nodes, lungs, opposite kidney, bone, liver, adrenal glands, brain. Less metastases are found in the ovary, breast, genitals, bladder, spleen.

How to identify kidney cancer

Since kidney cancer often goes unnoticed, it is often detected by chance in the survey on another occasion. When the characteristic symptoms of the disease survey is targeted: ultrasonography (US), different types of X-ray examination, CT or magnetic resonance imaging (CT or MRI), radioisotope studies, laboratory tests of blood and urine laboratory tests that detect renal dysfunction. To clarify the diagnosis of tumor biopsy (taking a portion of the tumor for histological examination).

How to treat kidney cancer

In the initial stages of the disease is carried out to remove the tumor or nephrectomy - removal of the kidney. Sometimes a kidney removed even in the presence of metastases in other organs - it can greatly extend the life of the patient. During the operation also deletes all the nearby lymph nodes.

After surgery, radiation therapy Policy Pay, as well as the need chemotherapy. It is necessary to suppress tumor growth.

A feature of kidney cancer is that it is a long asymptomatic and is detected in the later stages.

Galina Romanenko

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